Fais Fab Hluav Taws Xob Thiab Kev Tswj Fais Fab

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1970s. Ua ntej qhov no, tib neeg hu nws ua qhov hloov pauv thev naus laus zis tam sim no, lossis hloov pauv thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev kho tshuab thev naus laus zis hauv xyoo 1940s thiab 1950s. Thaum ntxov hauv kev lag luam no, muaj Xi' Lub Koom Haum Rectifier Tshawb Fawb, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj thoob plaws tebchaws, Lub Tuam Txhab Rectifier Thoob Ntiaj Teb hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thiab ntxiv rau. Tus thawj ntawm Xi' Rectifier Research Institute, Semiconductor Research Laboratory ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Ministry of Machinery yog lub tsev ntxov tshaj plaws koom nrog hluav taws xob semiconductors hauv Suav teb. Lub Tuam Txhab Rectifier Thoob Ntiaj Teb, tsim nyob rau xyoo 1947, tseem suav tias yog lub tuam txhab ua khoom siv hluav taws xob ntxov tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Thaum lub thyristor txhim kho rau hauv tsev neeg loj, thaum qee lub cuab yeej nrog lub sijhawm tig luv lossis yooj yim rau tua tau maj mam tsim, daim ntawv thov inverter maj mam nce mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov. Lub sijhawm no, cov zej zog kev kawm tau tshaj tawm tias yuav tsum muaj kev qhuab qhia tshiab los cais cov kev txhim kho no. Yog li muaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob txheeb ze rau cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob. Cov qub cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab tom kawg cuam tshuam nrog lub zog. Ntau qhov kev tswj tsis siv neeg txoj kev xav thiab thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tshiab kuj tau nkag rau hauv qhov ncauj lus no. Lub sijhawm ntawd, daim ntawv thov kev tsom mus rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam, tsheb rub thiab lub zog siv hluav taws xob, yog li cov tib neeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb tshaj plaws txog kev txhim kho lub zog kom siab. Piv txwv li, txawm hais tias ob txoj kab thyristors tau siv dav hauv cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev, Tuam Tshoj tseem kaw qhov kev txhim kho ntawm ob txoj kab hluav taws xob thyristors nyob rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm cov ntawv thov hauv xyoo 1970. Tom qab ntawd, nws tsis tau hloov pauv mus rau qhov sib tw thyristor rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Hais txog lub tshuab hluav taws xob zoo hluav taws xob, qhov sib txawv ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab txawv teb chaws tsis tau loj heev. Vim Tuam Tshoj' kev xav tau cov txheej txheem loj, piv nrog cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob siab tau siv ntau dua nyob rau theem no. Xyoo tsis ntev los no, qee qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb tau tshaj tawm, uas tau txuas ntxiv luv qhov sib txawv nrog txawv teb chaws. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm kev txhim kho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Nws kuj tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb uas kuv lub tebchaws Power Electronics Society tau ib txwm txuas qhov tseem ceeb rau. Tom qab qhov nce ntawm MOS-yam khoom siv thaum ntxov 1980s, tom qab ntau dua kaum xyoo ntawm kev txhim kho, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau npog ntau lwm yam haujlwm, xws li kev lag luam 4C (Kev Sib Txuas Lus, Khoos Phis Tawj, Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tsheb tsheb). Lub sijhawm no, kev nce qib ntawm nws cov thev naus laus zis tsis hais txog qhov loj ntawm lub zog, tab sis tsom mus rau muab cov kev lag luam no kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua, cov khoom siv me me thiab lub teeb ci. Yog tias peb hais tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog siab tau hais txog qhov ua tiav, lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob qis tau hais txog lub zog hluav taws xob. Yog tias microelectronics piv rau lub hlwb, lub tshuab hluav taws xob loj hais txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm txhais tes thiab txhais taw, thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me hais txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub plawv. Lub Koom Haum Pab Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob ntawm peb lub tebchaws yuav ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub luag haujlwm tom kawg. Tab sis ob qho tib si yog lub zog hluav taws xob. Kuv ntseeg tias ob lub zej zog yuav saib xyuas kev txhim kho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv ob yam. Hauv kev xaus, nws yog nees nkaum xyoo kev txhim kho ntawm ntau yam thyristors, uas tau tso lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv kev lag luam, kev tsav tsheb, thiab cov tshuab fais fab. Yog li hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau tsim. Tom qab ntawd, ntau yam khoom siv hauv MOS tau ntsib ob xyoo lawm ntawm kev txhim kho, uas tseem tau tso lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev txhim kho ntawm 4C kev lag luam. Ua kom hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis yog kauj ruam loj rau yav tom ntej. Tam sim no, vim kev sib koom ua ke txuas ntxiv ntawm microelectronics thiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tau ua theem peb, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv peb yam hauv qab no: 1) Kev tsim cov nti tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tshiab tau nce siv kev sib txuas ua ke. Tshuab, ua lwm yam lus, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tau siv sub-micron thev naus laus zis thiab txhim kho hauv cov lus qhia ntawm sub-micron sib sib zog nqus. Lub tswv yim hais tias cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tsuas yog siv qib qis thev naus laus zis yuav tsum tau hloov tam sim no. Yog lawm, kev tsim hluav taws xob cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tsis tau siv cov txheej txheem IC txheej txheem tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo, tab sis cov kev sib txawv no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov cuab yeej pheej yig dua, yog li txo tus nqi tsim khoom, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor. 2) Tsis yog tsuas yog thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, tab sis kuj tseem siv lub tshuab ntim khoom siv hluav taws xob ntim hluav taws xob tau txav mus los ze rau kev sib koom ua ke. Hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los, cov chaw kub rau kev ntim khoom sib xyaw ua ke tau siv BGA (Ball Grid Array) thiab MCM (Multi-Chip Module) thev naus laus zis, uas tau maj mam dhau los ua cov txheej txheem ntim los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tshiab. Piv txwv li, IR' s FlipFET thiab iPOWIR ob leeg siv thev naus laus zis BGA, thiab iPOWIR kuj tseem yog thev naus laus zis MCM feem ntau. Tau kawg, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob semiconductor muaj qhov xav tau ntau dua rau kev tso cua sov ntau dua li cov khoom siv sib txuas. Qhov ob-sided cua sov sib kis ntau nyob rau hauv thyristor ntim yav dhau los tam sim no tau siv hauv MOS cov khoom siv thawj zaug. DirectFET yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm nws. Hais txog DirectFET, kab lus no yuav qhia luv luv rau nws. 3) Ib qho kev hloov pauv tshiab yog tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas ua ke feem ntau ua ke hauv tib lub nti lossis tib lub pob. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov ua haujlwm tau zoo dua tswj hwm ib feem thiab ib feem ntawm lub zog, lossis tiv thaiv kev sib txuas ua ke hauv ib lub cuab yeej. Yav dhau los, lub zog sib txuas ua ke uas tib neeg hais txog feem ntau yog xa mus rau cov hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob zoo, uas yog, cov khoom siv sib txuas siv los tsav MOSFETs lossis IGBTs ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, chav kawm ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam hu ua kev tswj hwm lub zog tau tsim tawm tam sim no. Qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsis siab, tab sis kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm tau zoo heev. Qhov feem ntau yog ib qho khoom siv hauv DC-DC daim ntawv thov. Yog li ntawd, lub tswv yim tias cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tsuas yog hais txog cov cuab yeej siv tsis sib xws tau dhau los ua qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej siv siab ntsig txog IC lossis nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas tsim los ntawm IR tau tshaj li cov cuab yeej siv tsis sib xws, thiab tab tom txhim kho ntxiv hauv kev coj ua" systems." Muaj cov lus hais tias kev tsim khoom siv qib siab xws li cov tshuab thiab ICs yuav dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yav tom ntej. Hauv cov txheej txheem txhim kho no, lo lus Kev Tswj Xyuas Lub Hwj Chim tau dhau los ua ntau thiab ntau dua. Kev tsim cov kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob txawv teb chaws tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam, tshwj xeeb hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog 4C kev lag luam. Qhov zaus ntawm nws qhov tsos yog siab dua li ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qub. Qee lub tuam txhab tsim khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws feem ntau hu lawv tus kheej cov tswj hwm lub zog. Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj kev sib cav sib ceg hauv qhov kev hwm no, vim tias kev tswj hwm lub zog tsuas yog kev tsim qauv tshiab hauv qee qhov haujlwm hauv theem tam sim no ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Piv nrog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, kev tswj hwm lub zog qhia" kev tswj hwm." Qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov no. Lo lus Fais fab tuaj yeem txhais lub zog, hluav taws xob lossis lub zog. Kev tswj hwm kuj tuaj yeem nkag siab tias yog kev tswj hwm lossis ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, tuaj yeem muaj ntau hom kev txhais lus Suav. Txawm li cas los xij, plaub tus cim Suav rau kev tswj hwm lub zog tau tshwm sim hauv Suav teb ntau zaus, uas tuaj yeem ntxiv qee qhov teeb meem rau cov qauv lus. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau cov ntsiab lus txawv teb chaws muaj lawv tus kheej txoj kev txhim kho, thiab ntau cov ntsiab lus tshiab feem ntau tshwm sim. Peb yuav tsum muaj kev nkag siab tob txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshiab no los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev xav. Kev Hloov Lub Hwjchim (Hloov Lub Hwjchim) siv los yuav luag zoo ib yam nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Ib phau ntawv xov xwm txawv teb chaws ib zaug hloov lub npe ntawm Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob rau Kev Hloov Pauv Hloov thiab Kev Txawj Ntse (PCIM). Tab sis kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem' tsis yog suav nrog kev tswj hwm lub zog hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Xws li kev hloov kho lub zog* thiab kev tso tawm qis (LDO) thiab ntxiv rau. LDO tau siv dav hauv khoos phis tawj siv hluav taws xob ua qhov ntsuas me me hloov kho thiab ruaj khov. Nws yog IC thiab tseem suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, hauv AC-DC cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tuaj yeem muaj lub tshuab fais fab nrog PWM thiab xoom hluav taws xob tig-rau, uas tseem yog IC. Nws hu ua Integrated Switch hauv IR. Cov no yog cov piv txwv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm IC thiab cov khoom siv fais fab. Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav no, ntawm PCIM' thawj qhov kev sib tham tshaj tawm thiab kev nthuav qhia muaj nyob hauv Suav teb, Kuv ib zaug nthuav qhia tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm DirectFET sawv cev ntawm IR cov npoj yaig. Nov yog qhov chaw kub tshiab rau IR. Kuv xav muab cov lus qhia luv luv rau lub cuab yeej no ntawm no. Raws li koj txhua tus paub, twb muaj ntau lub zog siv hluav taws xob siv saum npoo av. Tab sis cov ntawv ntim khoom no feem ntau ua raws thawj qhov ntim ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev xav ntawm kev tso cua sov, nws tsis tas yuav yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. DirectFET yog thawj zaug uas tau muab ob npaug ntawm cov cua sov tso rau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau nkag rau hauv cov khoom siv saum npoo. Qhov loj ntawm DirectFET sib npaug rau SO-8 rooj plaub, tab sis qhov tsis kam ntawm rooj plaub nws tus kheej tsuas yog 0.1 milliohms, thaum SO-8 yog 1.5 milliohms. Yog li, qhov ntsuas tam sim no ntawm lub cuab yeej tau nce ob npaug, thiab thaj tsam ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit Court raug txo los ntawm 50% piv nrog lub tsev SO-8 qub. Lub tshuab hloov pauv sib txuas ua ke ntawm ib khub DirectFETs (tswj FET thiab synchronous FET) tuaj yeem muab 30 amperes ntawm tam sim no ntawm 1.3 volts. Lub zog ua haujlwm ua tau raws li kev tswj hwm lub zog ntawm Intel qhov tseeb 64-ntsis processor Itanium2. Xa mus rau daim duab 1 kom pom ntawm DirectFET. Daim duab qhia pom ob sab ntawm lub cuab yeej, ib sab tuaj yeem pom lub qhov rooj thiab ob lub hauv paus qhov chaw tawm, lawv yuav ncaj qha rau ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit. Lwm sab yog lub npog tooj liab, uas yog cov dej ntws thiab lwm sab uas tuaj yeem ua kom sov sov. Daim duab 2 qhia pom kev hla ntu ntawm DirectFET, yog li koj tuaj yeem nkag siab nws cov qauv kom meej dua. Rau cov uas tau siv rau cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob siab, nws yuav hnov ​​zoo li tshiab: DirectFET tsuas yog 5x6.35x0.7mm loj. Cov cuab yeej no yuav raug siv hauv cov khoos phis tawj high-end, cov qauv ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm cov servers, chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov tswv, thiab kev sib txuas lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua. Kuv xav qhia luv luv ua ke ua ke ntawm IC thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov qauv hluav taws xob tom kawg ntawm kab lus no. Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias qhov no yog kev sib txuas ntawm microelectronics thiab lub zog hluav taws xob rau lub zog siab dua. Txhua tus neeg paub txog IPM, IGBT tus qauv nrog kev txawj ntse feem ntau siv hauv cov cua txias. Nws yog qhov tseeb IGBT module nrog tus tsav IC. Tam sim no cov kev hloov kho tshiab tau tshwm sim ib qho zuj zus, tsim tsev neeg loj raws li qhov xav tau sib txawv. Piv txwv li, PI-IPM hais txog programmable thiab insulated IPM. DSP tau siv hauv qhov qauv no, thiab software tuaj yeem sau tau. Kuv yuav qhia tshwj xeeb rau tsev neeg loj no yav tom ntej.