Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov xwm txheej ntsig txog quantum computers tau nquag tshwm sim hauv cov ntawv xov xwm. Cov tuam txhab xws li IBM (International Business Machines), Google, thiab Intel tau maj nrawm tshaj tawm tias lawv tau ua tiav ntau dua qubits, tab sis kaum ob lossis ntau tus qubits. Yog tias tsis muaj kev sib txuas tag nrho, qhov tseeb tsis txaus thiab qhov ua yuam kev tsis tuaj yeem raug kho, kev siv lub hom phiaj dav dav quantum tseem nyuaj ua tiav.
Nyob rau hauv sib piv, simulation ntawm quantum xam tau tam sim ntawd tsim quantum system software yam tsis muaj kev vam khom nyuaj quantum kho. Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog optimization algorithm rau simulating quantum xam, quantum taug kev nyob rau hauv ob-dimensional qhov chaw tuaj yeem phim cov haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm kev suav tshwj xeeb rau kev sib koom ua ke coefficient kua matrix hauv quantum evolution qhov chaw. Thaum lub quantum evolution tswj system tuaj yeem ua kom loj txaus thiab tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tiav ntau yam kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev ua haujlwm suav, qhia txog kev ua tau zoo dua li cov khoos phis tawj ib txwm muaj.
Lub quantum nti txawv li cas tam sim no integrated circuit nti?
Quantum chips nqa tawm quantum xam, thaum cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke chips nqa tawm cov ntaub ntawv suav. Ob lub chips txawv.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv integrated Circuit Court nti, siab thiab tsawg zog frequencies sawv cev 0 thiab 1 nyob rau hauv lub binary algorithm, thiab logic rooj vag muaj li ntawm transistors thiab MOS transistors yog siv los ua cov logic kev khiav hauj lwm.
Tsis zoo li cov chips sib xyaw ua ke, quantum chips yuav tsum tau ua quantum suav. Ob lub xeev quantum sib txawv |0> thiab |1> sawv cev 0 thiab 1 hauv quantum optimization algorithm. Kev suav quantum ua los ntawm quantum chips yuav tsum muaj cov txheeb ze quantum logic rooj vag, piv nrog digital circuit tsim, tuaj yeem nqa tawm superposition xeev xam thiab superposition xeev cia.
Ntawm no, kuv yuav piav qhia txog kev suav thiab khaws cia ntawm lub xeev superposition.
Rau kev ua haujlwm f(x), peb yuav tsum nqa 100 x qhov tseem ceeb thiab tau txais 100 cov txiaj ntsig. Kuv xav nug seb yuav tsum ntsuas pes tsawg zaus?
Hauv kev suav classic, cov lus teb yog yooj yim heev. Nws suav 100 zaug thiab suav ib zaug nrog tus nqi x.
Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev suav ntawm quantum nti, nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau suav ib zaug.
Vim hais tias nyob rau hauv kev xam cov kauj ruam ntawm lub quantum nti, lub ntsuas module yog ib tug qubit tsim los ntawm quantum xeev, yog li tag nrho cov x qhov tseem ceeb yog tag nrho cov quantized, thiab 100 x qhov tseem ceeb yuav muab khaws cia rau hauv ib lub xeev sib xyaw, uas tuaj yeem ntsuas ib zaug hauv quantum nti. . Ib lub xeev sib xyaw ntawm 100 cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem tau txais, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov tseeb, qhov tshwm sim uas phim tus nqi x tuaj yeem tau txais.
Tom qab ntawd qhov sib thooj superposition xeev cia yog yooj yim to taub, 100 x qhov tseem ceeb tuaj yeem muab sib xyaw rau hauv ib lub xeev rau kev khaws cia, tsis yog 100 khaws cia.
Tam sim no hais tias quantum chips thiab integrated circuit chips ua tiav cov kev suav sib txawv, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog yuav ntau dua. Lub superiority ntawm quantum nti nyob ntawm qhov tsub zuj zuj ntawm quantum xeev rau ntau qhov tseem ceeb thawj zaug, uas txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev suav.
Qhov twg yog qhov muaj zog dua, photonic nti lossis quantum nti?
Photonic nti thiab quantum nti yog ob lub ntsiab lus, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm siab thiab qis. Lub photonic nti siv cov thev naus laus zis ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor ua rau lub teeb laser txuas ntxiv thiab txhawb nqa lwm cov khoom siv silicon photonic; lub quantum nti integrates quantum txoj kev ntawm silicon nti, yog li txhim kho lub luag hauj lwm ntawm quantum cov ntaub ntawv tswj kev pab cuam.
Lub photonic nti tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov yam ntxwv luminous ntawm indium phosphide thiab muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm silicon optical routers rau hauv ib qho hybrid nti. Thaum cov tam sim no ntxiv rau indium phosphide, lub teeb nthwv dej nkag mus rau hauv monocrystalline silicon nti tau qhia, ua rau tsis tu ncua Hom laser no tuaj yeem tsav lwm yam silicon photonic Cheebtsam.
Hom khoom siv laser no raws li monocrystalline silicon wafers tuaj yeem ua cov duab photonic feem ntau siv hauv computers. Kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv loj-loj silicon-based technology tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm photonic chips. Kev tsim ntawm quantum chips yog ntaus nqi rau kev txhim kho ntawm quantum computers. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav kev lag luam thiab txhim kho cov qauv kev lag luam, quantum computers yuav tsum coj txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Superconductor system software, semiconductor khoom quantum dot system software, microstructure photonics system software, thiab txawm tias atomic thiab zoo ion systems txhua tus xav coj txoj hauv kev mus rau chips.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev nti, lub superconductor quantum chip system yog thev naus laus zis ua ntej ntawm lwm cov tshuab physics; cov khoom siv semiconductor nti, uas yog, quantum dot system software kuj yog lub hom phiaj ntawm txhua tus neeg siv zog los tshawb nrhiav. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm semiconductor nti khoom kev lag luam tau ntev lawm zoo meej. Piv txwv li, ib zaug cov khoom siv semiconductor quantum chips nce qhov pib ntawm kev ua txhaum-tho mechanism quantum nti xam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm decoherence lub sij hawm thiab manipulation precision, nws yog cia siab hais tias cov uas twb muaj lawm tshwm sim ntawm tsoos semiconductor nti industrial ntau lawm yuav tsum integrated. Txhawm rau txo cov nqi ntawm qhov project