Raws li cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv kev lag luam, qee leej neeg hu lub tshuab lithography" cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws thiab nyuaj rau tib neeg" Raws li cov khoom siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv nti kev tsim tawm, lub tshuab lithography tseem hu ua" kis tshuab" raws li cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim ua tshuab chip. ib tug. Lub tshuab lithography yog ib qho cuab yeej uas siv ultraviolet wavelength excimer laser tshem tawm cov zaj duab xis tiv thaiv rau ntawm qhov chaw wafer los ntawm tus qauv, thiab tom qab ntawd so lub wafer hauv tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov uas poob los tiv thaiv zaj duab xis yog etched tseg rau tsim tawm hauv Circuit Court.
Lub tshuab siv lithography feem ntau yog daim npog qhov ncauj qhov ntswg lithography, thiab cov txheej txheem lithography dav dav suav nrog kev ntxuav thiab ziab saum npoo ntawm silicon wafer, hauv qab txheej, kiv txheej photoresist, muag muag ci, sib ncu raug, tom qab ci, tsim, nyuaj, ci thiab lwm cov txheej txheem. Qhov zoo ntawm lub tshuab lithography ncaj qha txiav txim siab txog qib theem ntawm cov txheej txheem chips tuaj yeem tsim ua, uas qhia nws qhov tseem ceeb.
Thiab lub xyoo no, Apple, Samsung thiab Huawei tab tom npaj tsim tshiab 5nm xov tooj txawb chips. Tam sim no seb nws yog Apple' s A14, Qualcomm' s Snapdragon 888 nti, lossis Samsung Exynos 1080, Kirin 9000, thiab lwm yam, tag nrho sawv cev rau kev lag luam' s qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm 5nm chips. Hauv thaj teb ntawm 5G thiab txawb, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias ntau cov tuam ntxhab cov iav muag. 5nm chips zoo li ncav cuag lawv cov kev txwv, tab sis yav tom ntej cov chips yuav txuas ntxiv txhim kho thiab ua kom zoo dua ntxiv, thiab txawm tias ntau dua li qhov thev naus laus zis tseem tsis tau paub, thiab lub tshuab lithography yuav tsum ua lub luag haujlwm. Lub luag haujlwm tsis tseem ceeb thiab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Raws li ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej siv nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb, qhov tseeb, ntxiv rau kev tsim cov chips, tseem muaj lithography rau kev ntim lossis projection lithography rau LED kev tsim khoom. Tam sim no, kuv lub teb chaws' s high-end lithography tshuab yog yeej los ntawm Netherlands ASML. Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev tsim khoom lossis tsim cov qib high-end, qhov kev pab cuam ib-nres ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab tsim khoom tau raug kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tebchaws sab hnub poob. Cov kev lag luam no hauv kuv lub teb chaws tam sim no raug tswj hwm los ntawm lwm qhov.
Ntiaj teb cov qauv ntawm lub tshuab lithography
Tam sim no, cov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab lithography thoob ntiaj teb yog: ASML, Nikon, Canon, Otech, Shanghai Microelectronics Equipment, SUSS, ABM, Inc .. High-end projection lithography machine tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm thiab cov phiaj xwm kwv yees lithium tshuab. Qhov kev daws teeb meem yog feem ntau ntawm xya nanometers thiab ob peb lub micrometers. Cov tshuab ua lithium uas muaj lub siab zoo tau paub tias yog cov twj tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb. Muaj 1.2 Ib lub tshuab lithography uas muaj nqi ib txhiab daus las.
Lub tshuab ua lag luam siab lithium tuaj yeem hu ua lub paj ntawm kev lag luam kho qhov muag niaj hnub, thiab nws txoj kev tsim khoom nws nyuaj heev uas tsuas yog qee lub tuam txhab hauv ntiaj teb tuaj yeem tsim nws. Cov no yog peb qhov loj ntawm cov hom lag luam txawv teb chaws: ASML los ntawm Netherlands, Nikon los ntawm Nyij Pooj thiab Canon los ntawm Nyij Pooj.
Ua ntej qhov no, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm ASML, tus thawj coj ntawm lub ntiaj teb lithography tshuab chaw tsim tshuaj paus, hais tias txawm tias cov duab kos tau tshaj tawm, peb yuav tsis muaj peev xwm qog cov tshuab lithium sab saum toj.
Qhov tseeb, ASML muaj 90% kev ua lag luam hauv ntiaj teb' s cov khoom lag luam zoo sib xws, thiab yuav luag 100% kev lag luam feem qis hauv 10nm node, yuav luag monopolizing lub ntiaj teb high-end chip manufacturing core. Thiab lawv lub tuam txhab' s cov txiaj ntsig tau nce mus txog 2-3 billion euros nyob rau ob peb xyoos dhau los. Lwm cov neeg sib tw hauv cov chaw lag luam ib txwm tsis tuaj yeem ntes tau, thiab txawm tias Tebchaws Meskas dhau dhau los tsis ncav cuag.
Nrog rau kev rau txim thiab kev muag khoom txwv tsis pub ua los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, tib txoj kev tawm rau kuv lub teb chaws' s lithography tshuab yog kev tshawb fawb ywj pheej thiab kev txhim kho. Txawm hais tias ASML tuaj yeem tuav nws txoj hauv kev ua ntej hauv kev thev naus laus zis thiab kev ua lag luam, nrog rau kev tsim kho yav tom ntej, kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov khoom tawg, cov khoob no yuav tau nqaim sai.
Nyob rau tam sim no, domestic high-end nti muab cov khoom siv saw kis tau tawm tsam hnyav los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Yuav ua li cas kom tau txais los ntawm high-end chip R& D thiab kev tsim khoom los ntawm kev tshawb fawb ywj pheej thiab kev tsim kho yog qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws tam sim no.