Kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no thiab cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob

Tam sim no, raws li lub hauv paus ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob, cov txuj ci txuag, kev siv lub tshuab ua kom tiav, kev txawj ntse, thiab kev koom ua ke hauv tshuab hluav taws xob, lub zog hluav taws xob tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab, cov qauv kho vajtse, thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm ntsuab. Tsis ntev tom ntej no, hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis yuav ua rau lub zog thev naus laus zis ntau dua, kev lag luam thiab siv tswv yim, thiab ua tiav kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab thiab hluav taws xob zoo. 1. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob Cov kev taw qhia kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob niaj hnub no yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob qub, uas yog tsom rau kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob tsawg los daws teeb meem, rau lub zog hluav taws xob niaj hnub no, uas yog tsom rau kev siv technology siab. Lub tshuab fais fab hluav taws xob pib los ntawm silicon rectifier li hauv xyoo 1950 thiab thaum 1960s. Nws txoj kev loj hlob tau ua tiav qhov kev hloov kho ntawm cov xaum hluav taws xob hauv lub xyoo, cov inverter era thiab hloov zaus hloov dua siab tshiab, thiab tau tshaj tawm daim ntawv thov ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis hauv ntau cov teb tshiab. Lub sijhawm xyoo 1980s thiab thaum ntxov xyoo 1990, lub zog hluav taws xob semiconductor cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke sawv cev los ntawm lub zog MOSFETs thiab IGBTs, uas sib koom nrog qhov muaj qhov loj, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob loj thiab qhov loj tam sim no, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1980s thiab thaum ntxov xyoo 1990, qhia tau tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tau nkag mus rau niaj hnub siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob era. 1.1 Lub zog hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob ntau hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob yog muab los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob (50Hz) AC cov tshuab hluav taws xob, tab sis kwv yees li 20% ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tau noj hauv daim ntawv DC, feem ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob yog hluav taws xob (tsis muaj cov khoom siv hlau). thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg xav tau DC hluav taws xob), Lub zog (lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsav tsheb hauv tsheb av, hauv av tsheb, tsheb thauj khoom hauv nroog, trolleybus, thiab lwm yam) thiab DC tsav (steel dov, ntawv ua, thiab lwm yam) yog peb qhov chaw loj. High-power silicon rectifiers tuaj yeem hloov kho lub zog hluav taws xob hloov tam sim no mus rau qhov ncaj qha tam sim no nrog kev ua haujlwm siab. Yog li no, nyob rau xyoo 1960 thiab 1970s, kev tsim kho thiab siv ntawm cov muaj zog siab silicon rectifiers thiab thyristors tau zoo heev. Lub sijhawm ntawd, muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev lag luam loj ntawm silicon rectifier factories hauv Suav. Nyob rau tam sim no, loj loj thiab me me semiconductor tuam ntxhab cov khoom tsim silicon rectifiers hauv lub teb chaws yog cov khoom ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. 1.2 Lub caij nyoog ntawm cov inverters Hauv xyoo 1970, muaj kev kub ntxhov thoob ntiaj teb, thiab AC motors' zaus hloov dua siab tshiab hloov ceev nrawm nrawm vim lawv qhov pom zoo txuag hluav taws xob. Lub thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev hloov mus ceev yog kom rov qab hloov ncaj qha rau kev hloov tam sim no ntawm 0-100Hz. Nyob rau xyoo 1970 thiab 1980, nrog kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov ceev tau siv, thyristors, loj zog fais fab transistors (GTR) thiab lub rooj vag tig-thyristors (GT0) siv rau cov muaj zog siv hluav taws xob ua cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm ntawd. Daim ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws nrog high-voltage DC tso zis, hluav taws xob zoo li qub zog dynamic nyiaj thiab lwm yam. Lub sijhawm no, lub zog hluav taws xob cov tshuab hluav taws xob tau ua tiav qhov kev ua kom tiav thiab rov ua dua tshiab, tab sis kev ua haujlwm zaus tsawg, tsuas yog tsawg tsawg xwb. 1.3 Lub sijhawm ntawm cov hloov pauv hloov thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 1980, kev txhim kho sai ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj thiab ntau qhov sib xyaw hluav taws xob tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob niaj hnub no. Ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov thev naus laus zis thiab kev siv hluav taws xob ntau thiab cov cuab yeej tam sim no, ib qho tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tau tshwm sim, ua ntej txhua yam, kev tawm ntawm lub zog MOSFETs, uas tau ua rau kev txhim kho me me. thiab nruab nrab lub zog siv hluav taws xob rau cov neeg siab, thiab tom qab ntawd cov kab thaiv tsis tau. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm bipolar transistors (IGBT) tau coj cov hauv kev rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom loj thiab nruab nrab rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom loj. Kev tshwm sim txuas ntxiv ntawm MOSFET thiab IGBT yog lub cim ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tsoos hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no. Raws li kev txheeb cais, los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1995, lub hwj chim ntawm MOSFETs thiab GTRs tau mus txog qhov sib txig sib luag nyob rau hauv lub lag luam hluav taws xob lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab kev siv IGBTs los hloov GTRs hauv kev lag luam ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tau mus txog qhov xaus. Kev txhim kho ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab tsis tsuas yog muab ntau dua rau AC lub cev muaj zog hloov dua siab tshiab ceev cov kev cai, ua kom nws qhov kev ua tiav ntau dua thiab txhim khu kev qha, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub txuas ntxiv txhim kho mus rau qhov siab, uas yog qhov ua tau zoo, cov khoom siv- txuag thiab lub zog-txuag rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab paub tseeb me me thiab lub teeb yuag me me, mechatronics thiab kev txawj ntse muab lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm. 2. Kev thov cov liaj teb ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob niaj hnub 2.1 Khoos phis tawj high-efficiency ntsuab fais fab kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev siv tshuab computer tau ua rau tib neeg mus rau hauv cov koom haum ntaub ntawv, thiab tib lub sijhawm txhawb txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub tshuab fais fab. Thaum xyoo 1980, khoos phis tawm txais kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, coj ua txoj hauv kev ua tiav kev hloov ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab computer. Tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau cov cuab yeej siv fais fab tau nkag mus rau thaj chaw cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob ib qho dhau ib qho. Nrog rau kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, cov koos pij tawj ntsuab thiab cov khoom siv fais fab ntsuab tau tau npaj tseg. Cov koos pij tawj ntsuab feem ntau hais txog cov khoos phis tawj ntiag tug thiab cov khoom lag luam cuam tshuam uas tsis muaj teeb meem rau ib puag ncig. Cov khoom siv fais fab ntsuab xa mus rau kev ua haujlwm siab-txuag hluav taws xob uas muaj feem xyuam nrog cov koos pij tawj ntsuab. Raws li US Environmental Protection Agency' s" Lub Hnub Qub Zog" npaj rau Lub Rau Hli 17, 1999, desktops Yog lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntawm ib hom ntawm tus kheej lub computer lossis cov khoom siv sib txuam nrog tsawg dua 30 watts hauv lub xeev pw, nws ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum muaj ntawm lub khoos phis tawm ntsuab. Txhim kho lub zog siv hluav taws xob yog txoj hauv kev rau txo hwj huam siv. Raws li qhov tam sim no 200-watt switching power supply nrog kev siv tau ntawm 75% yog kev txhawj xeeb, lub hwj huam hluav taws xob nws tus kheej noj 50 វ៉ាត់ ntawm lub zog. 2.2 Kev hloov pauv siab hloov pauv lub zog hluav taws xob rau kev sib txuas lus Kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev sib txuas lus kev lag luam tau txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas lus. High-frequency miniaturized switching power supply thiab nws cov thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm niaj hnub kev sib txuas lus fais fab mov xaib. Hauv kev sib txuas lus, tus rectifier feem ntau hu ua thawj lub zog hluav taws xob, thiab DC-DC (DC / DC) hloov khoom hu ua theem nrab fais fab. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hluav taws xob txuas hluav taws xob thawj yog hloov pauv ib-theem lossis peb-theem AC fais fab daim phiaj rau DC lub zog hluav taws xob nrog cov nqi nominal 48V. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv thawj lub zog hluav taws xob rau cov kev hloov hluav taws xob tswj kev ua haujlwm, cov kab ke ib theem tswj kev tswj hwm lub zog tau hloov los ntawm kev hloov siab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob loj hloov pauv (tseem hu ua switching rectifier SMR) ua haujlwm dhau ntawm qhov loj ntawm MOSFET lossis IGBT, thiab hloov pauv zaus Nws feem ntau tswj tau nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 50-100kHz kom tau txais kev ua haujlwm siab thiab miniaturization. Xyoo tsis ntev los no, lub zog muaj peev xwm ntawm hloov cov hluav taws xob tau txuas ntxiv, thiab lub peev xwm ntawm ib chav tsev tau nthuav dav los ntawm 48V / 12.5A, 48V / 20A rau 48V / 200A, 48V / 400A. Vim muaj ntau hom kev sib xyaw ua ke siv hauv cov khoom siv sib txuas lus, lawv cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob kuj tseem muaj qhov sib txawv. Hauv kev sib txuas lus muab hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob, lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntau qhov loj-zaus DC-DC cais lub zog siv hluav taws xob tau siv los hloov cov kev caij tsheb npav nruab nrab (feem ntau 48V DC) mus rau ntau yam DC voltages uas xav tau tuaj yeem txo kev poob, kev saib xyuas yooj yim, thiab nws yooj yim heev rau kev txhim kho thiab nce ntxiv. Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem ntsia ncaj qha rau ntawm pawg tswj hwm, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom lub zog txuas ntxiv yog lub zog ceev. Raws li qhov kev sib txuas lus muaj peev xwm txuas ntxiv mus, cov kev sib txuas lus fais fab xa khoom muaj peev xwm tseem yuav txuas ntxiv. 2.3 DC-DC (DC / DC) hloov Lub DC / DC hloov pauv hloov DC hluav taws xob hloov mus rau hluav taws xob DC hloov pauv. Cov thev naus laus zis no siv dav hauv kev hloov nrawm nrawm ntawm trolleybuses, tsheb ciav hlau hauv av, thiab hluav taws xob tsheb. Kev tswj hwm, tib lub sijhawm, kev tswj hwm saum toj no tau txais kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua kom nrawm nrawm, teb ceev ceev, thiab tib lub sijhawm tau txais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txuag lub zog. Hloov cov varistor nrog DC chopper tuaj yeem txuag hluav taws xob (20-30)%. DC lub zog ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog tswj lub qhov hluav taws xob (hloov mus rau lub zog siv hluav taws xob), tab sis tseem ua tau zoo tiv thaiv cov suab nrov muaj suab nrov tam sim no ntawm daim phiaj sab. Lub zog txuas hluav taws xob DC / DC ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txuas lus tau lag luam tau. Cov qauv qhia siv ntau zaus PWM thev naus laus zis, qhov hloov hloov pauv yog li 500kHz, thiab lub zog ceev tau yog 5W ～ 20W / in3. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev sib koom ua ke loj, kev muab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav tsum ua kom me me, yog li nws yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv hloov mus rau qhov hloov zaus thiab txais cov xov tshiab ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob. Tam sim no, qee cov tuam txhab tau tsim thiab tsim ua ob hom kev hloov hluav taws xob xoom tam sim no thiab xoom hluav taws xob hloov tshuab. Lub zog ceev ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob theem ob tau ua tiav tau zoo heev. 2.4 Lub hwj huam tsis txaus ntseeg (UPS) Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) yog qhov muaj kev ntseeg tau zoo thiab muaj lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntau tsim nyog rau khoos phis tawj, kev sib txuas lus, thiab qee zaus xav tau tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov pa hluav taws xob AC tau hloov mus rau DC los ntawm qhov ntsuas hloov tawm, ib feem ntawm lub zog raug them rau lub roj teeb pob, thiab lwm qhov ntawm lub zog hloov mus rau AC los ntawm inverter, thiab xa mus rau lub load los ntawm hloov mus. Txhawm rau tseem yuav muab lub zog rau lub thauj thaum tus inverter tsis ua hauj lwm, lwm qhov tseem ceeb zog los yog pom tau hais los ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob. Niaj hnub niaj hnub UPS feem ntau lees txais cov mem tes dav dav tes taws los piav cov thev naus laus zis thiab niaj hnub siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob xws li fais fab MOSFETs thiab IGBTs. Lub suab nrov ntawm lub zog mov tuaj yeem txo, thiab qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg tau tuaj yeem hloov kho. Cov lus qhia ntawm microprocessor software thiab kho vajtse technology tuaj yeem paub qhov ntse tswj ntawm UPS, kev saib xyuas tej thaj chaw deb thiab kev txheeb xyuas chaw taws teeb. Tam sim no, lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm online UPS tuaj yeem ncav cuag 600kVA. Kev txhim kho ntawm UPS ultra-me me kuj nrawm heev, thiab muaj cov khoom lag luam nrog ntau yam tshwj xeeb xws li 0.5kVA, lVA, 2kVA, thiab 3kVA. 2.5 Lub zog siv hluav taws xob Cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv Inverter lub zog yog siv rau kev hloov pauv ntau zaus thiab kev cai ceev ntawm AC lub cev muaj zog, thiab nws txoj haujlwm hauv lub tshuab tsav hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb dua, thiab nws tau tiav lub zog loj txuag hluav taws xob. Lub ntsiab hluav taws xob ntawm cov hluav taws xob inverter muab cov kev coj ua AC-DC-AC. Qhov muaj hluav taws xob zaus siv hluav taws xob hloov mus rau qhov hloov pauv DC hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov txuas hloov dua siab tshiab, thiab tom qab ntawd PWM qhov siab hloov pauv hloov ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob loj lossis IGBTs inverts lub DC hluav taws xob mus rau hauv qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov AC. Cov tso zis hluav taws xob qauv ntawm lub zog mov zoo ib yam li sine yoj. Siv los tsav AC asynchronous motors kom tau cov kev cai ceev stepless. Cov hloov hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob cov khoom ntim hauv qab 400kVA tau tawm thoob ntiaj teb. Thaum xyoo 1980s, Toshiba ntawm Nyij Pooj ua ntej thov AC hloov dua siab tshiab ceev kev tswj tshuab rau cov khoom siv cua txias. Los ntawm 1997, nws cov feem tau mus txog ntau dua 70% ntawm lub tshuab cua txias hauv Nyij Pooj. Inverter tshuab cua txias muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev nplij siab thiab lub zog txuag. Kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev hauv cov tshuab ntsuas cua hauv huab cua pib thaum pib xyoo 1990. Xyoo 1996, cov kab ntau lawm tau tsim tawm los tsim cov tshuab cua txias inverter, uas maj mam ua qhov chaw kub kub rau kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov tshuab cua txias. Nws xav tias qhov kawg nkaus yuav tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm 2000. Ntxiv rau lub zog siv fais fab inverter, lub tshuab ntsuas cua inverter kuj yuav tsum tau muaj qhov compressor lub cev muaj zog haum rau cov kev cai inverter ceev. Txhim kho cov tswv yim tswj hwm thiab xaiv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm yog qhov kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov cua txias inverter fais fab mov. 2.6 High-zaus inverter rectifier vuam tshuab fais fab mov High-zaus inverter rectification vuam tshuab fais fab mov yog qhov ua haujlwm siab, txuag, thiab cov khoom txuag-tshiab vuam tshuab fais fab mov, uas sawv cev rau kev tsim kho niaj hnub no' s vuam tshuab fais fab mov. Vim yog kev ua lag luam ntawm IGBT cov peev txheej siab, cov hom hluav taws xob no muaj kev thov dav dav. Inverter vuam tshuab hluav taws xob lub tshuab hluav taws xob feem ntau siv AC-DC-AC-DC (AC-DC-AC-DC) hloov dua siab tshiab. Lub 50Hz hloov pauv tam sim no hloov mus rau hauv qhov ncaj qha tam sim no los ntawm kev hloov kho tus choj txuas tag nrho, thiab PWM qhov siab hloov dua siab tshiab ib feem ntawm IGBTs inverts qhov ncaj qha tam sim no mus rau hauv qhov muaj ntau zaus nthwv dej ntawm 20kHz, ua ke los ntawm lub siab hloov pauv, kho thiab lim, thiab dhau los ua qhov hluav taws xob ncaj qha tam sim no, uas siv rau arc fais fab mov. Vim lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm vuam tshuab fais fab mov, thiab nquag luv-Circuit Court, arcing, thiab qhib-Circuit Court hloov pauv, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntseeg siab ntawm high-frequency inverter rectifier vuam tshuab fais fab mov tau ua qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj, thiab nws tseem yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg siv. Cov. Siv microprocessor raws li lub plawv dhia dav tes taws los piav (PWM) ntsig txog cov tswj, los ntawm kev rho tawm thiab tshuaj ntsuam ntawm ntau lub ntsuas thiab ntau cov ntaub ntawv, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev twv ua ntej ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub system tau tiav, thiab lub system tuaj yeem hloov kho thiab ua tiav ua ntej yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem. Txhim kho txoj kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov hluav taws xob siab tam sim no IGBT inverter fais fab cov khoom. Txawv teb chaws inverter vuam tshuab tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov ntsuas vuam tam sim no ntawm 300A, lub sijhawm thauj mus los ntawm 60%, tag nrho cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm 60 txog 75V, kev hloov kho tam sim no ntawm 5 txog 300A, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 29kg. 2.7 Kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob DC lub zog siv Lub tshuab hluav taws xob loj lub zog hluav taws xob ntau lub zog siv hluav taws xob DC yog siv dav hauv cov khoom siv loj xws li electrostatic plua plav tshem tawm, txhim kho dej kom zoo, kho mob tshuab xoo hluav taws xob thiab tshuab CT. Qhov ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob siab li 50 ～ l59kV, qhov tam sim no siab dua 0.5A, thiab lub zog ua haujlwm siab txog 100kW. Txij li xyoo 1970, qee cov tuam txhab hauv Nyij Pooj tau saws cov tshuab thev naus laus zis, uas hloov lub zog loj rau cov hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm txog 3kHz tom qab kho dua, thiab tom qab ntawd txhawb nws. Thaum xyoo 1980, kev hloov pauv ntau zaus siv fais fab loj hauv tshuab tau tsim kho sai heev. Lub teb chaws Yelemees' s Siemens siv lub zog hluav taws xob ua lub zog hloov tseem ceeb los ua kom cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog txuas mus rau ntau dua 20kHz. Cov tshuab hluav taws xob qhuav hom tau ua tiav zoo rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj thiab cov hluav taws xob muaj zog, thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj cov roj hluav taws xob ntau tau tshem tawm, uas txuas ntxiv txo cov ntim ntawm qhov hloov hluav taws xob. Kev lag luam hauv tsev, tus neeg siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob high DC qhov hluav taws xob tau tsim tawm. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog kho rau DC, thiab tag nrho tus choj-xoom-hloov hluav taws xob tam sim no resonant inverter Circuit Court yog siv los hloov qhov hluav taws xob DC mus rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob ntau, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov hloov hluav taws xob siab tau txhawb, thiab thaum kawg txhim kho nws yog DC siab voltage. Raws li qhov ua haujlwm tiv taus cov teeb meem, cov zis DC voltage ncav 55kV, qhov tam sim no ncav cuag 15mA, thiab qhov ua haujlwm khiav haujlwm yog 25.6kHz. 2.8 Thaum cov tsoos hluav taws xob AC-DC (AC-DC) hloov pauv ntawm lub zog siv hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, nws yuav hno cov teeb meem loj rau lub zog hluav taws xob, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab raug cuam tshuam, thiab tib lub sijhawm, qhov ua tau hluav taws xob ntawm lub cuab yeej yuav piam zuj zus ntawm daim phiaj sab. Phenomenon, lub npe hu ua" muaj kuab paug rau hluav taws xob" piv txwv li, thaum tswj tsis tau qhov tseeb thiab lub peev xwm lim, qhov thib peb cov ntsiab lus tsis haum nyob ntawm daim phiaj sab tuaj yeem ncav cuag (70 ～ 80)%, thiab lub zog muaj zog. ntawm sab kab sib chaws tsuas yog 0.5 ～ 0.6. Lub zog siv lim tawm yog hom tshiab ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem hloov kho kom haum rau kev sib haum xeeb. Nws tuaj yeem kov yeej qhov luv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai LC lim thiab yog ib qho muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj tawm kev ua kom muaj zog. Lub taub lim tau tsim los ntawm tus choj hloov kho lub zog hluav taws xob thiab lub voj kev tswj tshwj xeeb. Tsis tsuas yog cov zis hluav taws xob muaj kev pub rov qab, tab sis kuj qhov nruab nrab cov tswv yim tam sim no tau pub rov qab; (2) Lub teeb hluav taws xob siv tam sim no yog cov khoom ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob voltage qhov teeb meem thiab tag nrho cov xov hluav taws xob rectified voltage teeb liab. 2.9 Kev faib hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob lub cev hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob qis thiab cov cuab yeej loj tswj cov kev sib koom ua ke yog cov khoom siv yooj yim, thiab siv cov theories tshiab thiab kev ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig los ua lub tsev thaiv-style, txawj ntse siab zog hluav taws xob, thiaj li ua rau lub zog tam sim no thiab Kev sib xyaw nruj ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog tam sim no txo ​​lub siab ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov cheebtsam muaj zog thiab cov cuab yeej muaj zog (nruab nrab nruab nrab) thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm. Thaum xyoo 1980s, kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev faib tawm high-frequency switching fais fab lub tshuab hluav taws xob feem ntau yog tsom rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm hloov pauv hloov cov thev naus laus zis. Nyob hauv nruab nrab thiab thaum 1980s, nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm high-frequency fais fab hloov dua siab tshiab siv tshuab, ntau yam kev hloov pauv sab saum toj tau tshwm sim ib qho tom qab. Sib txuas ua ke hauv kev sib koom ua ke loj thiab lub zog hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis, kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cuab yeej me me thiab nruab nrab ua tau, thiaj li txhawb tau sai ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm kev faib tawm loj hloov mus rau lub zog fais fab kev tshawb fawb. Txij li thaum xyoo 1980s, qhov kev taw qhia no tau dhau los ua kev tshawb fawb hotspot nyob rau hauv thoob ntiaj teb lub zog hluav taws xob. Cov naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv tau nce xyoo los ntawm xyoo, thiab daim teb ntawm daim ntawv thov tau txuas ntxiv nthuav dav. Cov qauv fais fab faib rau muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub zog txuag, kev ntseeg siab, kev ua haujlwm siab, kev khwv nyiaj txiag thiab kev saib xyuas yooj yim. Nws tau maj mam txais cov koos pij tawj loj, cov khoom siv sib txuas lus, huab cua, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam thiab lwm yam kab ke. Nws tseem yog txoj kev zoo rau kev siv hluav taws xob rau kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg (3.3V) ntawm ultra-high-speed integrated circuits. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov muaj zog, xws li kev sib txuas hluav taws xob, kev siv hluav taws xob, kev siv hluav taws xob lub tsheb ciav hlau lub zog hluav taws xob, kev siv hluav taws xob ntau zaus induction cua sov fais fab, tsav lub zog hluav taws xob thiab lwm cov teb, tseem muaj cov ntawv thov dav. 3. Cov qauv kev txhim kho ntawm qhov loj hloov hluav taws xob hloov fais fab Nyob rau hauv kev thov ntawm lub hwj chim hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis thiab ntau lub zog hluav taws xob, hloov lub tshuab fais fab yog nyob ntawm tus tub ntxhais. Rau qhov loj electrolytic plating siv fais fab, cov tsoos hluav taws xob ib txwm yog tua thiab hnyav. Yog tias Gordon switching power supply technology siv, nws qhov ntim thiab qhov hnyav yuav raug txo kom tsawg, thiab lub zog siv hluav taws xob tau zoo heev, cov khoom siv txuag nyiaj, thiab tus nqi tuaj yeem raug txo. Hauv hluav taws xob cov tsheb thiab cov hloov hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg, nws yog cais tsis tau los ntawm lub tshuab hloov hluav taws xob. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov lub zog hluav taws xob kom ua tiav kom ze rau cov khoom sib luag thiab cov tswj tsav. High-frequency switching the power supply technology yog cov thev naus laus zis ntawm ntau lub zog hloov hluav taws xob cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (inverter vuam tshuab, kev sib txuas lus fais fab mov, high-zaus cua sov fais fab mov, laser fais fab mov, hluav taws xob ua haujlwm fais fab mov, thiab lwm yam). 3.1 Kev ntsuas loj heev ntawm kev ntsuas thev naus laus zis thiab cov kev paub tseeb pom tias qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev hloov pauv, cov inductors thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog cov inversely proportional rau cov square hauv paus ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob zaus. Yog li thaum peb nce lub zaus los ntawm 50Hz txog 20kHz, 400 npaug, qhov ntim thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav raug txo kom 5 ~ l0% ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tsim. Txawm hais tias nws yog cov inverter rectifier vuam tshuab lossis cov hloov hluav taws xob txuas mus rau kev sib txuas lus fais fab mov, ob qho tib si nws yog raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus no. Zoo sib xws, ntau cov khoom siv DC fais fab xws li electroplating, electrolysis, kev siv hluav taws xob, kev them nyiaj, kev ntab ntab, thiab lub hwj chim kaw hauv lub tsoos" rectifier kev lag luam" tuaj yeem hloov kho tau raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no kom dhau los ua" hloov hluav taws xob hloov fais fab mov" ;. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tuaj yeem Nws tuaj yeem txuag 90% lossis ntau dua, thiab tuaj yeem txuag hluav taws xob 30% lossis ntau dua. Vim tias maj mam nce ntxiv ntawm qhov tsis pub dhau ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, ntau cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob ntau qhov qub uas thaum xub thawj siv hluav taws xob tub luam yog qhov sib zog, uas coj tau cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob, txuag dej, thiab txuag khoom, thiab tuaj yeem xav txog tus nqi ntawm cov ntsiab lus technical. 3.2 Modularity Modularization muaj ob lub ntsiab, ib qho yog modularization ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab, thiab lwm qhov yog modularization ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab. Peb cov khoom siv coj los sib txuas ua ke, suav nrog ib chav, ob chav, rau chav ua haujlwm rau xya lub ntsiab, suav nrog cov khoom siv hloov mus thiab lub diodes tsis pub dawb nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam nrog lawv, yog qhov tseem ceeb" txheem" hwj chim modules (SPM). Xyoo tsis ntev los no, qee lub tuam txhab tau nruab rau kev tiv thaiv lub zog tsav ntawm lub tshuab hloov mus rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob los ua qhov" ntse" fais fab module (IPM), uas tsis tsuas yog txo qhov luaj li cas ntawm lub tshuab tag nrho, tab sis kuj yooj yim rau kev tsim qauv thiab tsim khoom ntawm txhua lub tshuab. Qhov tseeb, vim muaj kev hloov zuj zus ntawm lub sijhawm, lub zog ntawm cov hlau lead ua tsis sib haum thiab parasitic capacitance tau ua qhov hnyav dua, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob ntau dua rau ntawm lub tshuab ntaus ntawv (hauv daim ntawv ntawm overvoltage thiab overcurrent burrs). Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov kab ke, qee cov tuam ntxhab tau tsim&ib qho; tus neeg siv kev cai &; fais fab module (ASPM), uas teeb tsa yuav luag txhua kho vajtse ntawm lub tshuab ua tiav rau hauv cov qauv hauv cov qauv ntawm cov nti, kom lub Cheebtsam tsis txuas nrog cov kab ke sib txuas ib txwm muaj, xws li cov qauv tau hla nruj thiab tsim nyog thermal, hluav taws xob, thiab kev tsim khoom siv tshuab los ua tiav lub xeev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua. Nws yog qhov zoo sib xws rau cov neeg siv cov hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke (ASIC) hauv microelectronics. Tsuav cov software tswj tau sau rau hauv microprocessor nti hauv qhov module, thiab tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov qauv kho ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob sib xws, ib hom tshiab ntawm hloov mus rau cov khoom siv fais fab txuas. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hloov kho tsis yog tsuas yog pab txhawb kev siv thiab txo qhov loj ntawm lub tshuab tag nrho, tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj, kom thim tawm cov kev sib txuas ib txwm muaj tsawg thiab txo cov parasitic tsis, kom thiaj li txo qis hluav taws xob kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab txhim kho qhov kev cia siab ntawm qhov system. Cov. Ib qho ntxiv, lub tshuab hloov hluav taws xob muaj zog, vim muaj qhov txwv ntawm cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm thiab qhov rov ua dua tshiab kom txhim kho kev ntseeg tau, feem ntau siv ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob ywj pheej ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov khiav hauj lwm, siv cov cuab yeej sib koom siv tam sim no, thiab tag nrho cov qauv sib koom ua ke thauj khoom tam sim no. Yog tias ib qho qauv ua tsis tiav, lwm cov qauv sib txawv los qhia txog lub load tam sim no sib npaug. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, tsis tsuas yog lub zog muaj peev xwm tau nce, tab sis qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov zis loj tam sim no tau raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv tsawg tsawg, thiab qhov kev cia siab ntawm lub zog tau zoo heev los ntawm kev ntxiv cov hwj huam rov qab txhawb zog siv hluav taws xob nrog qis zog sib piv rau tag nrho cov kab ke Cov. Thaum ib qho module tsis ua haujlwm, nws yuav tsis cuam tshuam qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub system thiab muab sijhawm txaus los kho. 3.3 Digitization Hauv kev siv hluav taws xob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob ib txwm, kev tswj fwm yog tsim thiab ua haujlwm raws li cov cim qhia tau. Hauv lub sijhawm xyoo 1960 thiab 1970, lub tshuab fais fab hluav taws xob tau ua tiav zoo raws li cov hluav taws xob sib txuas. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no cov xov tooj hluav taws xob thiab cov xov tooj hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb dua, cov teeb liab digital thev naus laus zis tau ua ntau dua thiab paub tab, qhia tau ntau dua thiab zoo dua: yooj yim rau kev siv computer thiab tswj, zam kev cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam ntawm cov cim digital, thiab txo tseg cov suab. Kev cuam tshuam (txhim kho ntawm kev muaj peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam), yooj yim rau software pob debugging thiab kev paub txog tej thaj chaw deb, telemetry thiab cov chaw taws teeb hloov kho, thiab tseem rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ntsuas tus kheej, kev txhaum kev zam thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis. Yog li no, nyob rau xyoo 1980 thiab 1990, cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tseem muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tsim ntawm ntau lub voj voos thiab cov tshuab, tshwj xeeb: xws li kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, hluav taws xob tsis haum (EMC) teeb meem, thiab lub zog hloov kho (PFC) Kev daws rau lwm yam teeb meem tsis tuaj yeem paub los ntawm kev paub txog analog thev naus laus zis, tab sis rau cov ntse hloov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thaum lub computer tswj hwm, yuav tsum muaj thev naus laus zis sib cais tsis tau. 3.4 Greening Cov lus cog ntsuab lub zog hluav taws xob muaj ob lub ntsiab lus: thawj yog qhov tseem ceeb txuag hluav taws xob, txhais tau tias kev txuag hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm, thiab lub zog hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb ua kom muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig, yog li txuag hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txo qhov paug qias ib puag ncig; thib ob, cov no Kev muab hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem (lossis tsawg dua) ua rau cov pa phem rau ntawm daim phiaj fais fab. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) tau tsim cov qauv txheej txheem rau qhov no, xws li IEC555, IEC917, IEC1000 thiab lwm yam. Qhov tseeb, ntau lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob zoo ib yam los ua kom muaj kuab paug rau lub zog hluav taws xob: txhaj cov teeb meem loj rau cov xaim hluav taws xob mus rau hauv daim phiaj fais fab, uas txo tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khub niam txiv coob tus faus mus rau lub zog hluav taws xob, thiab tseem muaj cov ces kaum ploj thiab distortions. Cov. Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, ntau cov lim dej ua haujlwm thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig tau yug los, thiab muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los kho lub zog siv. Cov no tau teeb tsa lub hauv paus rau kev tsim ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv ntsuab hloov mus rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st. Niaj hnub no lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov hloov tshuab fais fab. Nrog cov kev tawm tshiab txuas ntxiv ntawm cov hluav taws xob tshiab siv hluav taws xob thiab cov xov tooj hluav taws xob saum toj kawg nkaus tsim nyog rau kev hloov hluav taws xob ntau dua, lub tshuab fais fab niaj hnub no yuav nthuav dav sai sai ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm qhov xav tau tiag tiag. Raws li daim ntawv thov siv thev naus laus zis, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hloov hluav taws xob muaj kev cuam tshuam vim qhov kev txwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab. Txhawm rau ua kom pom cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau lub zog siv hluav taws xob thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntaus ntawv ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub tshuab hloov hluav taws xob, lub zog hluav taws xob tshiab thiab cov cuab yeej tshiab tswj tau tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog hloov ua haujlwm hauv xoom voltage lossis xoom lub xeev tam sim no, uas tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev txhim kho txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hloov hluav taws xob, thiab tsim qauv siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo. Tag nrho txhua yam, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab hloov hluav taws xob siv tshuab txuas ntxiv txhim kho vim kev thov cov ntawv thov, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab yuav hloov kho ntau daim ntawv thov cov khoom lag luam thiab qhib ntau daim teb thov tshiab. Qhov paub tseeb ntawm kev hloov cov khoom siv fais fab' s siab heev, hloov kho, digitization, greenization, thiab lwm yam yuav cim qhov loj hlob ntawm cov thev naus laus zis thiab paub qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab thiab hluav taws xob zoo. Xyoo tsis ntev los no, nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev sib txuas lus, kev hloov fais fab kev sib txuas lus rau kev sib txuas lus nrog hloov tshuab fais fab mov raws li cov tub ntxhais muaj kev lag luam hauv tsev xav tau ntau dua 2 billion yuan, uas tau nyiam ntau ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm scientific thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm hauv tsev thiab sab nraud los ua kev txhim kho thiab tshawb fawb. Nws yog cov qauv dav dav uas hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov hloov cov khoom siv fais fab ncaj qha thiab theem tswj cov khoom siv fais fab. Yog li, kev lag luam hauv tsev rau kev siv fais fab fais fab uas muaj qhov xav tau ntawm ntau lab ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tawm ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau pib thiab yuav pib txhim kho sai. Muaj ntau ntau lwm cov khoom siv fais fab tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog hloov hluav taws xob hloov cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob thaum cov tub ntxhais tseem tos rau tib neeg txhim kho.