Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lub thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, AC cov kev cai ceev tau dhau los ua txoj kev txhim kho los hloov DC cov kev cai ceev. Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub nrawm nrawm yog lees paub raws li kev cog lus tshaj tawm txoj kev nrawm nyob rau hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws rau nws txoj kev cai ceev ceev thiab pib thiab kev ua haujlwm braking. Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub thev naus laus zis yog lub thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tswj AC ceev, lub zog hluav taws xob thiab lub thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv technology, thiab lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob technology. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob fais fab yog qhov thev naus laus zis uas tau tsim kho sai heev nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov teb ntawm mechatronics, lub cev muaj zog kis, aerospace thiab li ntawm. Tam sim no tau dhau los ua cov neeg tshaj lij uas cov tebchaws tau sib tw los tsim kho. Cov kws txawj kwv yees hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsim tau ntawm kev tswj hwm tsis siv neeg nyob rau xyoo pua 21st, khoos phis tawj thev naus laus zis thiab lub zog hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ob thev naus laus zis.
1. Kev tsim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo
Thyristors tau tawm hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas hauv xyoo 1950, lub cim yug ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob cov thev naus laus zis. Thawj tiam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob fais fab tseem ceeb yog silicon tswj cov rectifier (SCR), uas tau teev npe raws li kev siv hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob hauv kuv lub teb chaws xyoo 1970 thiab tau txhawb nqa thoob lub tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, SCR yog cov khoom siv tswj kev hloov ib nrab uas tsuas tuaj yeem tswj tau nws taws, tab sis tsis yog nws tig los. Nws yog txwv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm AC drives thiab kuj tsis paub meej zaus khoom fais fab. Fais fab transistors (GTR), lub rooj vag tig-thyristors (GTO), fais fab MOS teb nyhuv transistors (PowerMOSFET), insulated rooj vag transistors (IGBT), hluav taws xob induction transistors (SIT) thiab static induction thyristors (SITH), tau tsim ua tiav tom qab xyoo 1970. , thiab lwm yam. Lawv cov kev sib koom tes yog los tswj lawv kev luag thiab tua. Lawv muaj kev tswj xyuas tag nrho hloov cov cuab yeej. Txij li thaum tsis muaj cov hloov hauv Circuit Court yog qhov yuav tsum tau, lub ntim thiab qhov hnyav raug txo ntau piv nrog SCR. Tam sim no, IGBT tau dhau los ua lub cuab yeej siv nrog nws cov yam ntxwv zoo, thiab GTO nrog lub peev xwm loj kuj tseem muaj qee txoj haujlwm.
Ntau lub tebchaws siv zog ua haujlwm los tsim cov khoom siv loj, thiab 6000V IGBTs tau tsim tawm txawv teb chaws. IEGT (txhajenhancedgatethyristor) yog hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv uas sib koom ua ke tau zoo ntawm IGBT thiab GTO. Cov kev kuaj ntawm 1000A / 4500V twb tawm los. IGCT (integratedgateeommutatedthyristor) siv txheej tsis ntas thiab txheej txheem pob tshab ua kom pom tseeb ntawm GTO. Nws yog qhov sib luag ntawm thyristor thaum nws tig, thiab transistor thaum muab tua, yog li ua haujlwm zoo sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsis sib haum ntawm cov hluav taws xob on-xeev thiab qhov cuam tshuam hluav taws xob, thiab qhov khiav hauj lwm muaj peev xwm ncav cuag ntau Kilohertz [2] [3 ]. Lub tuam txhab Swiss ABB tau tsim tawm IGCT txog 4500-6000V, 3000-3500A. MCT so haujlwm vim tsis muaj kev vam meej me ntsis, thiab kev tsim kho ntawm IGCT ua rau nws nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tus qauv tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Piv nrog cov teb chaws raug tsim, kuv lub teb chaws nws muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv kev tsim cuab yeej ntau dua li hauv kev thov. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab xws li lub qhov rooj muaj hluav taws xob loj lub rooj sib txuas qauv IGBT modules, IEGT, MOS gated thyristors, high-voltage gallium arsenide high-frequency rectifier diodes, silicon carbide (SIC) thiab lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab muaj qhov kev tsim tawm tshiab thoob ntiaj teb. Nws ntseeg tau tias kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab xws li GaAs thiab SiC los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom paub cov neeg' s kev ua raws li" cov khoom siv zoo tshaj" yuav yog tus qauv tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho lub zog hluav taws xob cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob rau xyoo pua 21st.
Kev ntseeg tau zoo hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ua lub tsev (PEBB) thiab cov qauv siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (IPEM) yog cov tshiab ua haujlwm tshiab hauv kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm lub hwj chim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv Asmeskas. Kev sib tw hnyav ntawm GTO thiab IGCT, IGCT thiab hluav taws xob loj IGBT thiab lwm lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tshiab yuav coj tau ntau txoj hauv kev thiab kev sib tw rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab hloov pauv hloov tshiab hauv tiam 21.
2. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv tshuab ntau zaus hloov dua siab tshiab
Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub thev naus laus zis tau tsim thaum muaj qhov kev xav tau ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov ceev ntawm txoj cai tswj ntawm AC lub cev muaj zog. Rov kho dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txhawb zog hloov dua siab tshiab
Kev tsim kho tas mus li ntawm cov thev naus laus zis. Thaum xub thawj, lub tshuab hloov pauv ntau zaus tau txwv rau kev hloov pauv ntau zaus thiab tsis hloov cov voltage. Txij li xyoo 1970, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov mem tes dav dav tes taws los hloov hluav taws xob hloov zaus hloov dua siab tshiab (PWM-VVVF) kev cai ceev tau ua rau neeg nyiam' s mloog. Thaum xyoo 1980, PWM hom kev xaiv qhov teeb meem zoo li yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov kho tshuab tau ua rau neeg nyiam' -tshuaj thauj tus neeg siv PWM thev naus laus zis, tus tes taws los piav tes hauj lwm Wave tib lub sij hawm hloov PWM technology thiab lwm yam.
Kev tswj ntawm VVVF inverter yog qhov yooj yim, thiab nws cov khoom siv kuj tau zoo. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev cai nrawm nrawm xav tau kev xa mus thoob plaws, thiab tau siv dav hauv ntau thaj chaw ntawm kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum txoj kev tswj ntsuas no tsawg kawg nkaus, vim tias qhov tso zis hluav taws xob tau me me, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm stator tsis kam poob qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb, yog li qhov siab tso zis ntau qhov txo.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm vector tswj zaus hloov ceev ceev kev tswj hwm yog: tus stator AC hluav taws xob Ia, Ib, thiab Ic ntawm lub asynchronous lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv peb-theem kev sib koom ua ke tau hloov mus rau DC hluav taws xob Iml, Itl nyob rau hauv synchronous rotate coordinate system los ntawm peb- theem rau ob-theem hloov. , Tom qab ntawv qog qhov kev tswj ntawm txoj kev tswj ntawm DC lub cev muaj zog, tau txais kev tswj kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm DC lub cev muaj zog, thiab paub cov kev tswj ntawm lub asynchronous lub cev muaj zog los ntawm cov coj sib koom ua ke kev hloov pauv.
Kev tswj ncaj qha torque ncaj qha soj ntsuam xyuas cov qauv lej ntawm AC lub cev muaj zog hauv tus qauv hluav taws xob stator, thiab tswj cov kev sib txuas flux thiab lub zog ntawm lub cev muaj zog. Nws tsis tas yuav hloov AC lub zog mus rau hauv qhov sib npaug DC lub cev muaj zog, yog li tshem tawm ntau qhov kev suav nyuaj hauv cov kev sib hloov vector; nws tsis tas yuav qog kev tswj ntawm DC lub cev muaj zog, thiab nws tsis tas yuav ua kom yooj yim dua cov qauv kev ua lej ntawm AC lub cev muaj zog rau kev txiav tawm.
VVVF zaus hloov dua siab tshiab, vector tswj zaus hloov dua siab tshiab, thiab ncaj qha tswj torque hloov dua siab tshiab txhua AC-DC-AC hloov dua siab tshiab. Qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo yog tias lub zog hluav taws xob tawm tsawg, qhov tsis txaus siab tam sim no loj heev, DC Circuit Court yuav tsum muaj lub zog loj ntim cov khoom siv, thiab lub zog hluav taws xob rov qab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab rau hauv daim phiaj, uas yog, plaub txoj haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem ua tau Cov. Vim li no, matrix AC-AC zaus hloov dua siab tshiab los rau hauv kev ua.
3. Kev hloov pauv ntau zaus siv tshuab thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev
Xyoo 1970, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev pib hloov pauv mus rau kev hloov pauv hloov dua siab tshiab, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua noj ua hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob hloov dua siab tshiab, hloov pauv hloov lub tshuab cua txias, zaus hloov microwave ncu, zaus hloov pauv txias tub yees, IH (induction cua sov) mov nplej, zaus hloov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws , thiab lwm yam tshwm sim [4].
Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsis ntseeg siab rau kev siv tshuab hloov dua siab tshiab, feem ntau tsom ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab thiab txuag hluav taws xob.
Thawj yog lub tub yees. Vim tias nws ua haujlwm txhua hnub, lub tshuab compressor ib txwm khiav ntawm qhov kev nrawm tom qab txais kev hloov pauv hloov pauv lub tub yees, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov suab nrov uas tshwm sim los ntawm compressor pib, thiab lub zog txuag cov nyhuv tseem pom tseeb. Thib ob, tom qab lub tshuab cua txias siv zaus hloov dua siab tshiab, qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau nthuav dav, thiab cov cua txias thiab kev tswj cua sov tuaj yeem pom tau tias tsis muaj lub tshuab pa hauv lub xeev tsis txaus, kom txo hwj chim noj thiab tshem tawm qhov tsis xis nyob los ntawm kub hloov. Xyoo tsis ntev los no, chav hloov pauv hluav taws xob tshiab tsis tau tsuas yog txo lub zog siv thiab ua tiav kev nyob ntsiag to, tab sis tseem ua tiav txias txias los ntawm kev siv cov haujlwm loj.
Hauv lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, kev tswj tus nqi sib txawv tau siv yav dhau los kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv kom ua tiav kev ntxuav tau zoo. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv hluav taws xob txuag thiab kev nyob ntsiag to, lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws uas tau nrov tshiab kuj tau nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus tshiab tswj kom ntseeg tau tias cov khaub ncaws muag ntxhua; hluav taws xob ua noj hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob ntau siv hluav taws xob ua rau cua sov ua rau lub lauj kaub ua cua sov ncaj qha tsis muaj qhov kub ntawm roj thiab hluav taws xob cua sov, yog li nws tsis tsuas muaj kev nyab xeeb, tab sis kuj zoo heev txhim kho cua sov kom zoo. Nws qhov ua hauj lwm zaus yog siab dua li qhov hnov tau hnov, yog li tshem tawm cov suab nrov los ntawm kev vibration ntawm lub lauj kaub mov.
Thib plaub, qhov raug mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv
Qhov kev tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj tsis tau cov diode rectification nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob ua rau muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj ntawm cov tswv yim tam sim no nthwv dej, uas tsis tsuas yog txo lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau cov pa paug.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov hloov ceev ntawm qhov hluav taws xob hloov thiab qhov tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txais hluav taws xob ntau, thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm cov hluav taws xob (EM1) rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas nyob ib puag ncig thiab xov tooj cua, thiab qhov teeb meem no zuj zus. Ntau lub tebchaws tau tsim cov qauv hauv tebchaws los txwv kev sib raug zoo. Lub koom haum International Hluav Taws Xob thiab Hluav Taws Xob Cov Hluav Taws Xob (IEEE), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) thiab International Conference ntawm Cov Hwj Chim Loj (CIGRE) tau tsim lawv tus kheej cov qauv kev ua kom raug mob. Tsoomfwv Suav kuj tsim qauv tsim kom muaj kev txwv zoo.
(1) Kev ntsuas rau kev sib luag thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob cuam tshuam
1. Kev mob siab rau kev puas tsuaj rau lwm tus
Txhawm rau ua kom cov kev sib haum xeeb tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, ib txoj hauv kev yog ua kom raug mob harmonic, uas yog, tsim kom muaj lub tswv yim tsim kev puas tsuaj los ua kom cov lus sib dhos tam sim no sine yoj.
Cov tsoos ua kom raug mob ib txwm siv lub IC tuned lim, uas tuaj yeem them nyiaj tag nrho ob qho kev sib haum xeeb thiab siv lub zog ua haujlwm. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias cov yam ntxwv them nyiaj raug cuam tshuam los ntawm impedance ntawm kab sib chaws thiab lub xeev kev ua haujlwm, thiab nws yog qhov yooj yim kom muaj cov hluav taws xob sib luag nrog cov kab ke, uas ua rau cov khoom tsis haum rau lub cev, thiab ntau dhau lossis txawm hlawv lub lim LC. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsuas yog tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau qhov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev hloov mus tas li, thiab cov nyhuv tsis zoo tagnrho.
Tom qab qhov nrov npe thiab siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis zoo rau kev them nyiaj raug mob tau ua qhov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog kuaj cov harmonic tam sim no los ntawm cov khoom them, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim kom them nyiaj tam sim no nrog tib qhov loj me thiab qhov txawv polarity li cov harmonic tam sim no, yog li daim phiaj tam sim no tsuas yog siv cov yoj siv. Qhov kev lim no tuaj yeem taug qab thiab them cov kev sib haum xeeb uas nws hloov pauv ntau zaus thiab ntau, thiab cov yam ntxwv them nyiaj tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cuam tshuam ntawm daim phiaj.
Cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv loj kom txo qis kev sib raug zoo yog siv ntau lub thev naus laus zis: superimpose ntau lub voos xwm txheej kom tshem tawm qis dua kev sib raug zoo, yog li tau txais cov kauj ruam yoj ze rau sine. Qhov ntau ntau qhov ntau, qhov ze zog yoj viav vias yog rau sine, tab sis ntau cov txheej txheem hauv Circuit Court qauv. Yuav kom ua tiav kev sib raug zoo thiab lub zog siab siv, lub zog hloov pauv me me feem ntau siv cov diode rectification thiab PWM ntuag, feem ntau hu ua lub zog hloov kho (PEC). Cov voj voos ib txwm muaj nrog kev txhawb nqa hom, theem qis-nqis, khawm hom kev txhawb nqa thiab lwm yam.
2. Kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob hluav taws xob
Qhov ntsuas los daws EMI yog los mus kov yeej ntau dhau tam sim no nce tus nqi di / dt thiab voltage nce tus nqi du / dt uas tshwm sim thaum lub tshuab hloov hluav taws xob tig thiab tua. Nyob rau tam sim no, ntau xim yog them rau xoom tam sim no hloov (ZCS) thiab xoom voltage hloov (ZVS). ) Circuit Court. txoj kev yog:
(1) qhov inductance tau txuas nrog ntau yam nrog lub tshuab hloov mus, uas tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov di / dt thaum lub tshuab hloov hluav taws xob, yog li tsis muaj qhov voltage thiab sib tshooj thaj tsam ntawm cov cuab yeej, thiab txo qhov poob pem hauv ntej;
(2) Pa hluav taws xob txuas nrog txuas nrog lub tshuab hloov mus, thaum lub cuab yeej kaw, lub du / dt raug txwv tsis pub dhau, thiab tsis muaj qhov voltage thiab sib tshooj thaj tsam tam sim no ntawm lub ntaus ntawv, uas txo qhov hloov poob mus;
(3) Los tiv thaiv thaum uas tig mus diodes txuas nrog ntaus ntawv. Thaum lub sijhawm diode conduction lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv hloov mus rau hauv lub voj hluav taws xob thiab xoom lub xeev tam sim no. Lub sijhawm no, cov cuab yeej tsav tau qhib lossis kaw kom ua tiav ZVS thiab ZCS kev nqis tes.
Tam sim no, feem ntau siv software hloov cuab yeej muaj xws li cov hluav taws xob ib nrab ntawm PWM thiab lossless snubber circuit.
(2) Lub zog cuam tshuam nrog
Tus txheej txheem thaum ntxov yog siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob synchronous, uas yog lub cev muaj zog synchronous tshwj xeeb siv los ua lub zog tiv thaiv. Nws siv dhau-excitation thiab nyob rau hauv-excitation rau feem emit sib txawv ntau ntawm cov peev txheej los yog inductive reactive zog. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias nws yog lub cav tig tshuab hluav taws xob, lub suab nrov thiab poob yog loj, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas kuj tseem nyuaj, thiab cov lus teb tau qeeb. Yog li, feem ntau, nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom sai ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob.
Lwm txoj kev yog siv lub ntsuas hluav taws xob zoo li qub nrog lub tshuab kom khov. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov hom qub thiab cov lus teb ceev nrawm, tab sis vim tias nws cov tub ntxhais yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa mus rau lub xeev tsis txaus, qhov poob thiab suab nrov yog qhov loj heev, thiab muaj qee qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho hauv theem kom them nyiaj rau qhov tsis xwm yeem ntawm lub nra. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem mus nyob hauv lub hauv paus ntawm zoo li qub var cov cuab yeej them nyiaj.
Nrog cov kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob, zoo li qub cov cuab yeej them nyiaj siv SCR, GTO thiab IGBT tau raug tsim los ntawm cov xaim thiab ciam teb. Ntawm lawv, cov hluav taws xob var zoo li qub yog qhov muaj zog tshaj. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev kho kom ceev nrawm thiab kev khiav hauj lwm ntau, thiab tom qab siv ntau yam, qib ntau los yog PWM cov tswv yim, nws tuaj yeem txo cov ntsiab lus harmonic hauv qhov them tam sim no. Tseem ceeb tshaj, cov reactor thiab cov capacitive Cheebtsam siv hauv cov hluav taws xob var zoo li qub yog me, uas zoo heev txo qhov loj thiab nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob zoo li qub sawv cev rau kev txhim kho kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob reactive.
Tsib, xaus lus hais
Peb ntseeg tias lub hwj chim thev naus laus zis yuav dhau los ua ib tus ncej txheem tseem ceeb hauv tiam 21. Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub thev naus laus zis siv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Xyoo tsis ntev los no, txoj kev loj hlob hauv thaj teb nruab nrab voltage zaus hloov dua siab ceev cov kev cai ceev thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau nrov mloog. Nrog kev koom ua ke ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab kuv lub teb chaws nkag mus rau Kev Ua Lag Luam Hauv Ntiaj Teb, kuv lub teb chaws siv hluav taws xob thiab kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob ntau zaus yuav muaj kev nthuav dav uas tsis tau pom dua.