Vim tias qhov sib xyaw ua ke kev lag luam Circuit Court yog qhov nyuaj heev, muaj ntau yam kev nkag siab tsis meej txog cov khoom lag luam semiconductor. Kab lus no hais txog kev teb tsib qhov tsis to taub txog ntawm tej daim phiaj hauv tsev:
Ib qho, koj puas tuaj yeem ua chip nrog lub tshuab lithography?
Qhov tseeb, lithography tsuas yog ib qho ntawm xya qhov txheej txheem loj sib txuas (lithography, etching, deposition, ion implantation, ntxuav, oxidation, thiab tshuaj xyuas) ntawm kev lag luam semiconductor. Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho ntawm qhov txuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nws tawm ntawm lwm qhov kev sib txuas rau (6). Tsis muaj ntawm lawv yuav ua haujlwm ntxiv.
Cov txheej txheem kev tsim tawm ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke muab faib ua" peb qhov loj" +" plaub me me" cov txheej txheem:
peb qhov loj (75%): photolithography, etching, deposition;
Plaub me me (25%): ntxuav, oxidation, nrhiav kom tau, ion cog.
Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej, cov txheej txheem photolithography suav txog 30% ntawm kev nqis peev hauv tag nrho cov khoom siv kab, thiab nws yog ib qho ntawm peb cov khoom siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrog rau lub tshuab etching (25%) thiab PVD / CVD / ALD (25%) Cov. Cov duab puab tuaj yeem ua nrog lub tshuab lithography. Lithography tsuas yog ib ntu ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim chip. Nws tseem xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntawm lwm rau 6 qhov loj nyob rau pem hauv ntej txheej txheem cov khoom siv, thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb npaum li lub tshuab lithography
Thib ob, lub sijhawm ceev tshaj plaws nyob hauv Suav teb yog los tsim lub tshuab lithography?
Qhov tseeb, Tuam Tshoj tsis yog luv luv ntawm lithography tshuab. Dab tsi uas ploj lawm yog lwm yam rau (6) hom txheej txheem cov cuab yeej tswj hwm los ntawm Asmeskas cov tuam txhab (deposition, etching, ion implantation, ntxuav, oxidation, thiab tshuaj ntsuam).
Lub tshuab lithography raug muab faib ua ob pawg:
1, DUV tob ultraviolet lithography tshuab: tuaj yeem npaj 0.13um rau 7nm chips;
2. EUV ultraviolet lithography tshuab: haum rau chips hauv qab 7nm rau 3nm.
Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej tam sim no, DUV lithography tshuab tsis txwv rau Suav teb, thiab lawv tseem tau muab khoom ib txwm, vim tias cov neeg xa khoom tuaj ntawm ASML ntau hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Netherlands, ntxiv rau Nikon thiab Canon hauv Nyij Pooj. Lawv tsis yog ncaj qha rau Asmeskas kev txiav txim, tab sis tam sim no EUV tsis muaj.
Raws li tau hais hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm dhau los, peb ntseeg hais tias Tuam Tshoj lub semiconductors yuav hloov los ntawm kev ua haujlwm sab nraud mus rau hauv lub voj voog dual ntawm kev tsim sab nraud ntawm sab nraud + kev voj voog sab hauv. Raws li qhov tseeb tias semiconductors yog qhov kev faib tawm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub voj voog sab nraud txhais tau tias kev koom ua ke tsis yog cov neeg muag khoom hauv Asmeskas. Nws yeej tseem yog qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb thiab xav tau tiag tiag. Cov cuab yeej siv ua ntej tam sim no yog:
1. Lub tshuab lithography: Monopolized los ntawm European ASML thiab Nyiv' s Nikon thiab Canon;
2. Etching, deposition, ion implantation, ntxuav, oxidation, thiab cov khoom kuaj: Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Nyij Pooj monopolize cov cuab yeej siv los soj ntsuam, thiab cov khoom siv kuaj raug cuam tshuam tob los ntawm Asmeskas KLA.
Yog li, nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm Tuam Tshoj' s semiconductor ntau lawm nthuav, thawj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau sab hauv thiab sab nraud lub voj voog thib ob yog kev cia siab rau hauv kev ua lag luam hauv tsev thiab koom ua ke nrog Europe thiab Nyij Pooj los hloov cov cuab yeej tsis-lithographic tswj los ntawm Meskas. Yog li no, tsis zoo li cov neeg feem coob to taub, tsis muaj kev txwv txog kev suav cov khoom lag luam semiconductor. Looj Mem.
Peb," tshawb fawb tus kheej" tuaj yeem daws qhov nti nti?
Qhov tseeb, feem ntau tam sim no" kev tsim tus kheej" tsis tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem daws cov nti kis tam sim no, tab sis yuav ua rau nti tsis txaus nti.
Vim tias qhov sib lawv hu" tus kheej kev tsim" cov chips ntawm Internet tuam txhab loj / cov tsheb tsim / cov tuam txhab txawb xov tooj yog qhov tseeb tsuas yog kev tsim ntawm nti, theem ntawm nti kev tsim khoom, thiab kev sib tw chip tseem ceeb tshaj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom chip peb tsis muaj. Tam sim no lub ntiaj teb yog luv ntawm cores. Dab tsi uas ploj lawm tsis yog nti tsim, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim chip.
Tam sim no lub teb chaws tus kheej tsim chips yuav nce daim kab xev-txiav txim los ntawm fabs, thiab yuav txuas ntxiv rau qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm kev muab khoom thiab kev thov rau cov chip foundry muaj peev xwm. Yog li ntawd, yav tom ntej, cov kis sib txawv tsuas yog daws tau los ntawm Fab chaw tsim khoom lag luam (SMIC, Huahong), IDM cov nroj tsuag (Tuam Tshoj Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob, Changcun, Changxin), ntau dua li" kev tshawb fawb tus kheej" (nti tsim).
Tus txheeb ze hais lus, qhov pib ntawm kev tsim chip yog qhov tsawg, nrog kev pib sai thiab ua tiav ceev ceev. Kev lag luam qauv zoo li software txhim kho. Tuam Tshoj twb tau coj lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv ntau nti tsim teb tsis zoo. Coj Huawei HiSilicon ua piv txwv, ua ntej dhau qhov txwv chip nrhiav, HiSilicon ntau nti tsim qauv muaj peev xwm twb yog ntawm ob sab saum toj hauv ntiaj teb.
Yog li dab tsi xav tau kev txhawb nqa tam sim no yog kev ua teb ntawm nti tsim, tsis yog nti tsim (tsim tus kheej). Yog tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo nkauj foundry, fabless tsuas yog kev ua yuag hauv lub ntuj.
Plaub. Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj tsuas yog tsis muaj high-end chips?
Qhov tseeb yog dab tsi Tuam Tshoj tsis muaj ntau lub tshuab thev naus laus zis. 8-ntiv yog nyhav dua li 12-nti, thiab 12-nti 90 / 55nm yog nruj dua li 7 / 5nm.
Tus paub tab / qib siab ua tau zoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab yam tsis tuaj yeem. Tsuas yog AP thiab DRAM hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes, feem ntau ntawm lwm cov chips yog paub tab craftsmanship. Cov chips uas yuav tsum muaj rau cov taug kev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hluav taws xob semiconductor chips / MCU chips, yog lub cev ntev 12 nti lossis 8 ntiv tes.
Rau Tuam Tshoj, tsis tsuas yog muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm 7/5 / 3nm thiab TSMC hauv cov txheej txheem tsim kho tshiab, tab sis qhov sib txawv loj dua yog xav txog qhov peev xwm ntau lawm ntawm cov txheej txheem paub tab. Raws li qhov sib npaug ntawm 8-nti muaj peev xwm, SMIC lub peev xwm ntau lawm tsuas yog 10% rau 15% ntawm TSMC's. Qhov sib txawv tseem loj heev thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm ib tus neeg.
Tshwj xeeb hauv tsev tsim qauv teev cov tuam txhab, feem ntau ntawm lawv nyob hauv cov txheej txheem paub tab, tab sis tsis muaj ib qho hauv zos piv paub txiaj ntsig muaj peev xwm thiab sib piv;
Weir sib koom 'CIS / PMIC / Tsav Tsheb, Zhaoyi lub tswv yim tshiab ntawm NOR thiab MCU, Goodix lub cim ntiv tes nco, Shengbang's analog IC, thiab Zhuoshengwei xov tooj cua zaus yog txhua yam hauv 12-nti paub tab technology (90 ～ 45nm). ) Siv qhov kev hloov siab li 14/10/7 / 5nm txheej txheem. Tseem ceeb tshaj, cov tsheb ciav hlau thiab photovoltaic inverters / MCU / cov chips hluav taws xob uas tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov xav tau tshaj plaws yog txhua yam ua tiav ntawm 8-nti paub tab ntau lawm muaj peev xwm. Qhov no tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau tam sim no, thiab qhov tsis txaus siab dhau qhov hu ua" advanced" tej daim.
Yog li no, cov haujlwm tam sim no tsis yog 7/5 / 3nm, tab sis los ua tus txheej txheem paub tab ua ntej.
5. Tuam Tshoj xav tsim nws tus kheej semiconductor kev lag luam system ywj pheej?
Qhov tseeb, semiconductors yog qhov kev lag luam loj heev hauv ntiaj teb, thiab tsis muaj lub teb chaws tuaj yeem ua tiav "kev ua tiav hauv cheeb tsam".
Cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb tam sim no ntawm semiconductors yog:
Cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis: Tebchaws Asmeskas yog qhov tseem ceeb, Tebchaws Europe thiab Nyij Pooj raws li qhov ntxiv;
Cov khoom siv semiconductor: Nyiv yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, thiab Asmeskas thiab Asmeskas yog cov khoom ntxiv;
Cov Hauv Paus Tshav Keeb Kwm: Feem ntau yog Taiwan xeev ntawm Tuam Tshoj, ntxiv los ntawm Kaus Lim Qab Teb;
Lub cim xeeb nti: Kaus lim qab teb yog qhov tseem ceeb, Asmeskas thiab Nyij Pooj yog cov ntxiv;
Kev tsim nti: Tebchaws Asmeskas yog qhov pib loj, thiab Suav Tebchaws loj yog qhov ntxiv;
Kev ntim khoom thiab kuaj: Taiwan xeev ntawm Tuam Tshoj yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab cov suav teb suav yog ntxiv khoom siv;
EDA / IP: Feem ntau yog los ntawm Asmeskas, kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Tebchaws Europe.
Yog li no, peb tuaj yeem pom tias tsis muaj lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb no tuaj yeem npog tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor, yog li kev koom tes thoob ntiaj teb tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam.
Txawm li cas los xij, vim kev thev naus laus zis ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau Tuam Tshoj ua ob lub voj voog txuas. Uas yog hais, los ntawm yav dhau los txheej sab nraud raws li lub ntsiab thiab sab hauv kev ua tus pabcuam, kev khiav dej num sab nrauv tam sim no raws li txoj kev pabcuam thiab cov kev ncig sab hauv yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Yog li no, thaum lub tebchaws United States muaj kev txwv rau Suav, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog los hloov thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm Asmeskas, thiab ua peb qhov zoo tshaj plaws los txuas ntxiv cov voj voog sab nraud sab nrauv Tebchaws Asmeskas (Europe, Nyiv, thiab lwm yam) Cov.
Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb thev naus laus zis tswj tam sim no muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor (PVD, tshuaj xyuas, CVD, etching tshuab, ntxuav tshuab, ion implantation, oxidation, epitaxy, annealing) lwm yam tshaj li lithography, thiab lwm yam yog EDA kev txhim kho software.
Txoj kev pheej hmoo ceeb toom: txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm nce Sino-Asmeskas kev lag luam kev sib txhuam thiab thaj tsam ntawm kev ua lag luam av; kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hloov chaw nyob hauv tsev tsawg dua qhov xav tau; txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm semiconductor downstream xav tau tsawg dua qhov kev cia siab.