Koom nrog hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, muaj qhov xav tsis tau piav qhia rau txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Rau cov kws tshaj lij koom nrog hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li Tib Neeg' Kev xa khoom txhua hnub ntawm cov nplej, uas yuav tsum tau tiv tauj txhua hnub thiab siv txhua hnub, tab sis qhov tseeb, ntau tus kws tsim txuj ci yuav tsis nkag siab lub qhov rooj. Nov yog cov npe ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob hauv lub qhov rooj engineering feem ntau siv kaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab cuam tshuam txog cov tswv yim thiab kev paub, thiab peb rov tshuaj xyuas dua.
Lub Hnub Qub 1: Kuj
Raws li tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv tau paub rau txhua tus. Nws qhov tseem ceeb yog dhau lo lus nug. Nws tau hais tias" tsis kam yog qhov khoom siv tshaj plaws hauv txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob."
Kev tsis kam, vim tias kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom mus rau qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no, hu ua cov khoom uas tawm tsam nws qhov kev ua. Kev tiv thaiv yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob; qhov me dua qhov tsis kam, qhov ntau dua qhov ntws tawm, thiab rov ua dua. Cov tshuaj uas muaj me me lossis tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv yog hu ua hluav taws xob conductors, lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm luv luv. Cov khoom uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim kev sib kis tam sim no hu ua insulators hluav taws xob, lossis insulators luv luv.
Hauv physics, Kev Tiv Thaiv yog siv los qhia qhov loj ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib' Kev Tiv Thaiv rau tam sim no. Qhov ntau dua qhov tsis kam ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, qhov ntau dua qhov tsis kam ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib rau tam sim no. Kev tawm tsam feem ntau sib txawv rau cov neeg sib txawv, thiab kev tiv thaiv yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib nws tus kheej. Lub hauv paus tsis kam yog lub zog tso tawm lub zog uas nthuav tawm qhov cuam tshuam rau tam sim no.
Tus nqi tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kub. Lub cev ntau npaum li cas ntsuas qhov tsis kam cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub yog qhov kub coefficient, uas tau txhais raws li feem pua ntawm kev hloov pauv tus nqi thaum qhov kub nce 1 ℃.
Cov neeg tawm tsam tau hais los ntawm&"R"&" ntxiv rau tus lej hauv Circuit. Piv txwv li, R1 qhia txog kev tiv thaiv tus lej 1. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv Circuit Court yog shunt, kev txwv tam sim no, kev faib hluav taws xob, kev tsis ncaj ncees, thiab lwm yam.
1. Parameter identification: unit of resistance is ohm (ω), chav tsev ntawm multiplier yog txhiab ohm (K ω), megohm (M ω), thiab lwm yam. Txoj kev hloov dua siab tshiab yog: 1 megadohm=1000 kilohm=1000000 ohms. Muaj peb txoj hauv kev ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas, uas yog, sau ncaj qha, sau xim thiab cim npe. A, tus lej cim txheej txheem feem ntau yog siv rau qhov ntim me me xws li thaj, xws li: 472 txhais tau tias 47 × 100 ω (piv txwv li 4.7K); 104 txhais tau tias yog 100Kb, cov npe ntiv nplhaib xim feem ntau siv, ntawm no yog qhov piv txwv: plaub-xim nplhaib tsis kam tsib xim xim ua haujlwm (ua haujlwm tsis raug).
2. Cov xim xim txoj haujlwm thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv tau qhia hauv cov lus hauv qab no: Xim Muaj txiaj ntsig digital sib npaug tso cai sib txawv (%) Nyiaj /x0.01±10 Kub/X0.1 ± 5 Dub 0+0/xim av 1x10 Red 1 Red 2x100 ± 2 Orange 3x1000/ yellow 4x10000/ green 5x100000 ± 0.5 Blue 6x1000000 ± 0.2 purple 7x10000000 ± 0 1 Grey 8x100000000/ dawb 9x1000000000/
Lub Hnub Qub 2: Peev Xwm
Capacitance hais txog tus nqi uas khaws cia ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv; Cia' hu nws C, thiab lub si si yog farrah. Feem ntau, cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv thaj chaw hluav taws xob yuav raug yuam kom txav mus, thaum muaj qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, kev tiv thaiv kev txav mus los thiab kev them nqi ntau ntxiv ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib; Qhov piv txwv feem ntau ntawm qhov kev tsub nqi no yog thaum ob daim hlau hlau sib dhos. Kuj hu ua capacitor.
1, capacitance hauv Circuit Court feem ntau yog" C" ntxiv rau tus lej (xws li C13 rau tus lej ntsuas tus lej 13). Capacitance yog ib feem uas muaj ob zaj duab xis hlau kaw ua ke thiab sib cais los ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev. Capacitors yog tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev hloov pauv tam sim no. Qhov loj ntawm lub peev xwm yog qhov loj ntawm kev khaws hluav taws xob, lub peev xwm ntawm lub teeb liab hu ua qhov tsis kam, uas cuam tshuam nrog zaus thiab lub peev xwm ntawm AC teeb liab. Reactance XC=1/2π FC (F qhia qhov zaus ntawm lub teeb liab ac, C qhia txog lub peev xwm muaj peev xwm) Feem ntau siv hom kev muaj peev xwm hauv xov tooj yog electrolytic capacitor, ceramic capacitor, chip capacitor, monolithic capacitor, tantalum capacitor thiab polyester capacitor. Thov mus saib: POWER Kis thiab xa khoom siv network kom paub ntau ntxiv
2. Txoj hauv kev txheeb xyuas tus kheej: Txoj hauv kev txheeb xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm yog qhov zoo ib yam ntawm qhov tsis kam. Muaj peb hom kev cim ncaj qha, txoj kev cim xim thiab tus lej cim. Chav tsev yooj yim ntawm lub peev xwm tau hais tawm hauv farad (F). Lwm qhov chaw suav nrog millimethod (mF), micro method (uF), nano method (nF), thiab skin method (pF). Ntawm lawv: 1 farad=103 millimethod=106 micro method=109 nano method=1012 txheej txheem ntawm daim tawv nqaij lub peev xwm ntawm tus capacitor nrog lub peev xwm loj yog cim ncaj qha rau ntawm lub capacitor, xws li 10uF/16V lub peev xwm me me ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm tus nqi hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog cov ntawv lossis tus lej los qhia tus lej sawv cev: 1M=1000uF1P2=1.2pf1n=1000PF Cov sawv cev digital: Feem ntau, peb tus lej raug siv los qhia lub peev xwm, nrog thawj ob tus lej sawv cev ntawm tus lej tseem ceeb thiab tus lej thib peb yog sib npaug Piv txwv, 102 txhais tau tias 10 × 102PF=1000PF224 txhais tau tias 22 × 104PF=0.22UF3, lub peev xwm yuam kev yuam kev cim cim FGJKLM tso cai yuam kev ± 1%± 2%± 5%± 10%± 15%± 20%, xws li: cov khoom siv hluav taws xob 104J txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm yog 0.1uF, yuam kev yog ± 5%.
Lub Hnub Qub III: Crystal diode
Crystaldiode (crystaldiode) semiconductor xaus rau hauv lub xeev cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog lawv cov yam ntxwv tsis siv hluav taws xob tam sim no. Txij thaum ntawd los, nrog kev txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor thiab thev naus laus zis, siv cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev faib tawm doping, cov qauv geometric, tsim ntau yam siv lead ua diodes nrog ntau yam qauv, ntau txoj haujlwm thiab siv. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom suav nrog germanium, silicon thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw. Crystal diodes tuaj yeem siv los tsim, tswj, tau txais, hloov pauv, ua kom nrov nrov thiab ua lub zog hloov pauv.
Crystal diode hauv Circuit Court feem ntau siv" D" ntxiv rau tus lej, xws li: D5 rau tus lej ntawm 5 diode.
1, ua haujlwm: tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub diode yog ib txoj hauv kev coj ua, uas yog, nyob rau hauv qhov kev nqis tes ua ntawm qhov hluav taws xob rau pem hauv ntej, kev tiv thaiv yog me me heev; Kev tiv thaiv yog qhov loj heev lossis tsis muaj qhov kawg nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov rov qab hluav taws xob. Vim tias cov yam ntxwv saum toj no ntawm diode, nws feem ntau siv hauv kev kho lub xov tooj tsis muaj xov tooj, kev cais tawm, kev tswj hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, kev tswj tus lej, hloov pauv zaus thiab suab nrov zoo li qub. Cov siv lead ua diode siv hauv xov tooj tuaj yeem faib ua: rectifier diode (xws li 1N4004), cais cov diode (xws li 1N4148), Schottky diode (xws li BAT85), lub teeb ci-emitting diode, tswj diode thiab ntxiv rau.
2, txoj hauv kev lees paub: kev txheeb xyuas tus diode yog qhov yooj yim heev, lub zog me me diode N ncej (cathode), hauv cov diode zoo li feem ntau lees txais tus qauv xim ib puag ncig, qee qhov diodes tseem siv cov cim tshwj xeeb los sawv cev rau P (zoo) lossis N (cathode) ), kuj tseem siv cov cim rau" P" ;," N" los txiav txim siab polarity ntawm diode. Tus zoo thiab tsis zoo tus ncej ntawm lub teeb-emitting diode tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm tus pin ntev. Tus pin ntev yog qhov zoo thiab tus pin luv yog qhov tsis zoo.
3, ntsuas cov ntawv: nrog digital multimeter los ntsuas lub diode, tus cwj mem liab diode zoo, tus cwj mem dub diode tsis zoo, ntsuas tus nqi ntawm qhov tsis kam yog diode ntawm cov lus qhia ua haujlwm tsis zoo, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm tus pointer multimeter.
4, feem ntau siv 1 n4000 series diode voltage sib piv yog raws li hauv qab no: qauv 1 n40011n40021n40031n40041n40051n40061n4007 501002004006008001000 qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no (V) (A) 1.
Lub hnub qub plaub: qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob
Lub zener diode yog cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob uas muaj qhov ua haujlwm siab heev txog rau qhov rov qab tawg qhov hluav taws xob.
Regulator diode hauv Circuit Court feem ntau siv" ZD" ntxiv rau tus lej, xws li: ZD5 rau tus lej ntawm cov raj tswj 5.
1, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tus tswj hwm diode: tus tswj lub diode yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev tawg, qhov hluav taws xob ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm qhov yooj yim tsis hloov pauv. Hauv txoj kev no, thaum lub raj tswj kev sib txuas rau hauv Circuit Court, yog tias lub zog hluav taws xob hloov pauv hloov pauv, lossis lwm qhov laj thawj tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob ntawm txhua kis hauv Circuit Court, qhov hluav taws xob ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm kev thauj khoom yuav tsis hloov pauv.
2, cov yam ntxwv ua tsis raug: tus tswj lub diode ua txhaum feem ntau pom hauv qhib Circuit Court, luv Circuit Court thiab tus nqi tswj tsis ruaj khov. Ntawm peb qhov ua txhaum, qhov qub tau qhia txog qhov nce ntawm qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob; Qhov ob hom kev ua txhaum tom kawg yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob poob qis rau xoom volts lossis tso zis tsis ruaj khov. Cov qauv thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm cov diodes muaj raws li hauv qab no: Hom 1 n47281n47291n47301n47321n47331n47341n47351n47441n47501n47511n4761 voltage tus nqi ntawm 3.3 V3.6 V3.9 V4.7 V5.1 V5.6 V6.2 V15V27V30V75V.