Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kab hluav taws xob sib txuas, cov khoom siv sib cais thiab lwm pawg, ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv sib cais. Cov cuab yeej siv tsis sib xws xa mus rau cov hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv ib puag ncig nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ib leeg, uas feem ntau paub txog kev ua haujlwm thiab hloov pauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Cov cuab yeej sib cais feem ntau suav nrog lub zog diodes, lub zog hloov hluav taws xob, thyristors, MOSFETs, IGBTs thiab lwm yam khoom lag luam. Ntawm lawv, kev ua lag luam tam sim no muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntau ntxiv thiab qhov ntim me me yog IGBT.
& quot; IGBT" sawv rau insulated rooj vag bipolar transistor. IGBT module yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv uas tau ntim los ntawm IGBT nti thiab FWD (freewheeling diode chip) los ntawm tus choj tshwj xeeb. IGBT tus qauv muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev teeb tsa yooj yim thiab kev saib xyuas, thiab kev ua kom sov sov ruaj khov. Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam muag ntawm lub khw yog cov khoom lag luam modular. Feem ntau hais lus, IGBT tseem hais txog IGBT module.
IGBT yog lub cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab kev sib kis, feem ntau hu ua" CPU" ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Kev siv IGBT rau kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv hluav taws xob zoo. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab thiab txuag hluav taws xob thiab tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntsuab. Nws yog los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tsis txaus thiab txo cov pa roj carbon. Qhov tseem ceeb txhawb nqa thev naus laus zis rau kev tso pa tawm.
Tam sim no txoj kev txhim kho tam sim no feem ntau yog kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, nrog rau kev txhim kho silicon wafer ua cov tshuab, ntim tshuab, thiab lwm yam. Kev txhim kho yog txhawm rau txo kev poob thiab txo nqi tsim khoom. Tam sim no, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li silicon nyob ze rau lawv lub cev txwv nyob hauv lawv cov khoom siv. Cov khoom siv thib peb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau nkag mus sai rau cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom. Kev npaj, txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov cuab yeej siv lub cev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv dav-bandgap cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sawv cev los ntawm SiC thiab GaN tau nthuav dav sai.
02 Fais fab khoom lag luam
Kev lag luam semiconductor nws tus kheej kub heev, tab sis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau nrov dua li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Ua hauv Suav Teb 2025, cov tub ntxhais yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Raws li lub tebchaws txoj kev lag luam tawm tshiab, IGBTs tau siv dav hauv kev hla kev tsheb nqaj hlau, daim phiaj ntse, dav hlau ya dav hlau, tsheb siv hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab.
Hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov tsheb siv hluav taws xob tshiab: IGBT cov qauv suav txog ze li 10% ntawm tus nqi hluav taws xob tsheb thiab kwv yees li 20% ntawm tus nqi them nqi. Hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov tsheb siv hluav taws xob tshiab, nws feem ntau yog siv hauv A) kev tswj hluav taws xob muaj zog DC/AC (DC/AC) inverter los tsav lub cav tsheb; B) tsheb tswj lub tshuab cua txias uas tsis muaj zog DC/AC (DC/AC) inverter, siv IGBT thiab FRD nrog lub zog me me; C) IGBT tus qauv hauv kev them nqi hluav taws xob them nqi ntse tau siv los ua qhov hloov pauv.
Cov phiaj hluav taws xob ntse: Siv rau sab tsim hluav taws xob, hloov kho thiab hloov pauv hauv cua tsim hluav taws xob thiab tsim hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob txhua qhov xav tau siv IGBT cov qauv. Thaum kawg qhov kis, FACTS hloov pauv thev naus laus zis hauv UHV DC kev xa khoom xav tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau xws li IGBTs. Thaum qhov hloov pauv kawg, IGBT yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hloov pauv (PET). Cov neeg tau txais kev pab, hluav taws xob dawb hauv tsev, microwave ncu, tsav tsheb teeb pom kev zoo LED, thiab lwm yam txhua qhov muaj qhov xav tau loj rau IGBTs.
Cov tsheb ciav hlau hla mus los: cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb rau cov tsheb ciav hlau hla kev tsheb traction hloov pauv thiab ntau yam kev pab cuam hloov pauv.
Cov kws tshaj lij kwv yees tias tag nrho IGBT kev lag luam yuav nyob ib puag ncig US $ 10 nphom hauv xyoo 2020, nrog rau kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntau dua 15%. Cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws uas tsim IGBT cov khoom siv feem ntau suav nrog Infineon, ABB, Mitsubishi, Ximen Kang, Toshiba, thiab Fuji. Tuam Tshoj' lub zog hluav taws xob semiconductor kev lag luam suav rau ntau dua 50% ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev ua lag luam, tab sis nyob rau nruab nrab-rau-siab-kawg MOSFET thiab IGBT cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb, 90% feem ntau yog tso siab rau cov khoom lag luam, uas yog ib txwm muaj kev tswj hwm los ntawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws, European, Asmeskas, thiab Nyij Pooj.
IGBT muaj ntau qhov hluav taws xob ntau, los ntawm 400V txog 6500V. Yog li ntawd, nws nyuaj rau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom los ua lag luam. Cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau xaiv lawv tus kheej thaj chaw ntawm kev tshaj lij.
Infineon, Mitsubishi, thiab ABB muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam IGBTs nrog qib siab tshaj 1700V; lawv yuav luag txhua tus nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm high-voltage IGBT thev naus laus zis nrog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siab dua 3300V. Ximenkang, Fairchild, thiab lwm yam yog nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev siv IGBTs nrog cov theem hluav taws xob ntawm 1700V thiab qis dua.
03 Kev faib khoom lag luam thiab cov lag luam tseem ceeb
Xyoo tsis ntev los no, Tuam Tshoj' s IGBT kev lag luam tau tsim tiav IGBT kev lag luam saw ntawm IDM hom thiab hom kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm IGBT kev hloov chaw tau nrawm dua. Cov ntaub ntawv bandgap dav sawv cev los ntawm SiC thiab GaN muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev tawg los ntawm kev txwv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv silicon ib txwm muaj. , Nws yog lub tswv yim zoo thiab saib mus tom ntej. Cov teeb meem kev dag nyob hauv kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau nqaim zuj zus.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm thaj chaw hauv tsev, Bohai Hiav Txwv Riam yog Beijing thiab Tianjin. Beijing Yizhuang tau paub txog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm SMIC, North China Innovation, Verizon, Infineon, Chipone North, Huazhuo Jingke thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, qhib qhov nqes hav thiab nqes hav ntawm cov khoom lag luam, thiab sib sau ua tiav kev sib koom ua ke kev lag luam saw ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv, tsim, thiab lwm yam sib sau ua ke ze li ib puas lub hauv paus thiab cov lag luam nqes hav, thiab tseem muaj qee lub hauv paus hauv Tianjin. Tsuas muaj Xi' nyob rau sab hnub poob, Xi' muaj Xinpai, Aipark, Yongdian thiab lwm yam.
Qhov muaj zog tshaj nyob hauv xeev Jiangsu, mloog zoo nyob hauv Wuxi thiab Suzhou, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Wuxi. Whampoa Military Academy, lub npe hu ua Tuam Tshoj' kev sib xyaw ua ke, twb tau tsim ntau yam khoom, tsis hais nws yog lub chaw tsim khoom lossis tuam txhab tsim, ntau ntawm lawv nyob hauv Wuxi. Shenzhen muaj zog dua ntawm daim ntawv thov lub zog hluav taws xob sab, thiab qee qhov chaw me me kuj tau pib ua cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob.
Zhuzhou CRRC Lub Sijhawm Hluav Taws Xob: Tsuas yog lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws uas nws tus kheej tau kawm tiav txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau muaj zog IGBT nti thiab thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, tsom mus rau 1200V-6500V cov qauv hluav taws xob siab, tsim nws tus kheej cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob IGBT park, nrog IGBT nti kab thiab txhawb nqa module ntim kab.
BYD: Tsom ntsoov rau qib IGBT cov qauv thiab cov qauv tsheb-qib IGBT cov qauv, nrog kev ua lag luam ntawm 18% hauv 2019, thib ob tsuas yog rau Infineon. Xyoo 2020, kev lag luam semiconductor yuav koom ua ke thiab&"BYD Semiconductor Co., Ltd. &"; yuav tsim. Nws tau npaj tseg tias kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud ntawm IGBTs yuav tshaj 50%. Xyoo 2020, txoj haujlwm IGBT nrog kev nqis peev tag nrho ntawm 1 billion yuan yuav pib hauv Changsha, thiab cov kab tsim khoom nrog txhua xyoo ntawm 250,000 8-nti wafers yuav tsim.
Silan Micro: tus thawj coj tsim khoom hauv tebchaws IGBT cov khoom lag luam, feem ntau 300-600V xuas nrig ntaus los ntawm IGBT txheej txheem, 1200V tsis xuas nrig ntaus los ntawm qhov rooj qhov rooj IGBT txheej txheem, yog ib ntawm ob peb lub tuam txhab lag luam uas tau tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim qauv ntshiab rau IDM tus qauv (tsim Kev Sib Koom nrog kev tsim khoom) yog lub tuam txhab cov khoom lag luam semiconductor nrog nws cov qauv kev txhim kho tseem ceeb. Ib qho ntawm kev lag luam tsom los ntawm lub tuam txhab' cov khoom IGBT yog cov neeg siv khoom-qib dawb lub zog fais fab.
Jilin Tuam Tshoj Micro: Ua ke IGBT tsim, ua tiav, ntim khoom thiab kuaj, muaj ntau lub zog siv hluav taws xob semiconductor txiav tawm cov cuab yeej thiab IC nti cov kab tsim khoom, sab saum toj tsib hauv tsev cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, thiab thawj lub tuam txhab teev npe hauv daim teb no.
Zhonghuan: Lub lag luam tseem ceeb yog kev tsim khoom thiab muag khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib cais, monocrystalline silicon thiab silicon wafers. Hauv xyoo 2015, IGBTs rau cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob tau tsim ntau, qhov hluav taws xob IGBTs tseem tab tom tsim, thiab cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv hauv kev them nqi.
Xi' tus Yongdian: 1200V-6500V/75A-2400A cov qauv hluav taws xob siab, feem ntau yog rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob siab xws li tsheb ciav hlau hla thiab ntse daim phiaj
Zhongke Junxin: Lub tuam txhab Sino-txawv teb chaws koom ua lag luam tsom mus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li IGBT thiab FRD. Nws yog tib lub tuam txhab ua lag luam uas ua tiav qib 650V-6500V puv-voltage IGBT nti thev naus laus zis rau hluav taws xob hluav taws xob induction cua sov, hloov khoom siv hauv tsev ntau zaus, inverter vuam tshuab, inverters muaj zog, Lub zog tshiab thiab lwm yam haujlwm. Nws yog thawj lub tuam txhab kev lag luam los txhim kho lub qhov rooj nkag qhov rooj txiav tawm cov thev naus laus zis thiab ua tiav cov khoom loj.
Jiejie Microelectronics: Hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev, cov khoom siv thyristor thiab nti nti IDM (cov khoom lag luam sib xyaw ua ke, uas yog, npog tag nrho cov saw hlau kev lag luam, suav nrog tsim chip, tsim khoom, ntim thiab kuaj) cov khoom lag luam semiconductor. Lub lag luam tseem ceeb hluav taws xob cov khoom siv hluav taws xob suav txog 49.92%, thiab lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob suav txog 35.11%.
Lub Hnub Qub Semiconductor: Yim yim loj tshaj IGBT tus neeg muag khoom hauv ntiaj teb, thiab tsuas yog tuam txhab Suav uas tau nkag mus rau ntiaj teb' s TOP10 qeb duas. Lub lag luam tseem ceeb yog tsim, txhim kho thiab tsim khoom ntawm IGBT-based power semiconductor chips thiab modules, thiab muag hauv IGBT modules. IGBT nti thiab rov ua kom nrawm diode nti ntawm nws tus kheej tsim thiab tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab yog ib lub tuam txhab' kev sib tw tseem ceeb.
04 Kev nqis peev sib pauv
Vim tias qhov kev lag luam kub IGBT, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees' s Infineon Technology, uas muaj kev sib koom loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, nqis peev 1.6 billion euros los tsim lub Hoobkas tshiab hauv Austria, uas tau cia siab tias yuav ua haujlwm thaum kawg ntawm 2021. ON ON Semiconductor's New York cog yuav nqis peev US $ 430 lab los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 2022. Toshiba yuav nqis peev txog 80 nphom yen txhawm rau nce peev txheej tsim khoom los ntawm 2023, thiab Fuji Electric tseem yuav nqis peev 120 billion yen hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws los ntawm 2023.
Silan Micro' 12-nti tus yam ntxwv txheej txheem semiconductor nti tsim cov kab tsim cov phiaj xwm tau nyuam qhuav tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom, thiab theem ob ntawm 12 txhiab nyiaj tab tom los. Lub Hnub Qub Semiconductor npaj yuav nqis peev 229 lab nyiaj los tsim kom muaj tag nrho silicon carbide module industrialization project hauv Jiaxing. Tuam Tshoj Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob npaj siab tsim lub zog ntim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntim khoom thiab ntsuas qhov phiaj xwm los teeb tsa cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws ntim cov kab ntau lawm. Yangjie Technology tau nce 1.5 billion yuan los nqis peev hauv cov khoom ntim khoom ntim ntim ntim thiab ntsuas cov phiaj xwm. Wingtech' kev nqis peev tag nrho ntawm 10 billion Wuxi ODM ntse ntse lub Hoobkas thiab R& D chaw nruab nrab thiab Shanghai Lingang 12-nti tsheb-qib fais fab semiconductor automated wafer manufacturing chaw nrog tag nrho peev ntawm 12 billion. Ib qho ntxiv, cov tuam txhab xws li Nitrogen Silicon Technology, Ugallium Technology, Zhizhan Technology, Chaoxinxing Semiconductor, Tongguang Crystal, thiab Zhanxin Electronics tau txais tag nrho cov nyiaj txiag ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv.
Ntau lub tuam txhab teev npe hauv tebchaws tseem tau tshaj tawm tias lawv yuav nkag mus rau IGBT kev lag luam thiab nce IGBT kev lag luam. Piv txwv, Taiji cov khoom lag luam tau tsim cov ntim khoom thiab kuaj kab, nqis peev hauv Puluan Semiconductor, thiab xa IGBT nti tsim thiab tsim cov lag luam cuam tshuam nrog.